The effectiveness of a nursing protocol for the treatment of pressure Essay

The effectiveness of a nursing protocol for the treatment of pressure ulcers - Essay Example These perceived problems of pressure ulcers are quite common even in the UK hence, necessitating the need for an effective nursing protocol. Subsequently, the nursing protocol adopted in the UK hospitals needs improvement due to the fact that most nurses have developed behaviours and attitudes that are not conducive towards the prevention of pressure ulcer; thus, failing to attain the best conceivable outcomes to the patients. In order as to accomplish the above objectives, the study employed the use of survey interviews in which short questions were asked to the category of shareholders with the intent of collecting relevant data on the user adaptability and functionality of the nursing protocols that are being used by the hospital administration. Subsequently, this method of interviews was chosen due to the fact that it easily allowed for the conversion of projects requirements from the first-hand information obtained from the primary source. Interviews are also good when used to collect data owing to the fact that they allow for the probing of further information form the respondents. As such, the likelihood was for interviews in this case to have been monitored and doctored through extensive probing so as to enable the researcher obtain a true or near truthful reflection of the effectiveness of nursing protocols in the treatment of pressure ulcers patients. However, the interviews were also structured depending on the interviewee, and the nature of data that was being sought for from them in relation to the effectiveness of the nursing protocols. The outcomes of this study disclose that hospital managements are usually uninformed 100% on the functionality requirements that are usually needed to enhance the effectiveness of nursing protocols. For instance, the hospital supervisors in the facility attended were not well informed on what needed to be completed so as to augment the effectiveness of

Korean Wave Being South Korea’s Economic Growth Booster Essay Example for Free

Korean Wave Being South Korea’s Economic Growth Booster Essay Korean Wave is the growing aspiration to know more about South Korean culture. South Korea itself is an export-orientated country with a total trade volume of 884.2 billion in 2010, which makes South Korea the 7th largest exporter and 10th largest importer in the world. The cultural sector is the second biggest contributor after technological sector to the South Korea’s economic growth. The goods produced by the cultural sector are brought by the Korean Wave not only to the Asian but also to the American and Western markets. Korean Wave does give big contribution to South Korean’s economy through movies, pop music, tourism, and traditional arts. When we think of Korean Wave, we should mainly think of Korean drama and film industries. For example, the Korean wave took an extra boost with the popular TV dramas like â€Å"Winter Sonata† and â€Å"Jewel Palace†. For film, we can take â€Å"Old Boy† and â€Å"Bin Jip† as examples, which were extremely popular, even in Europe. The fact that importing a Korean dramas is a lot cheaper than having to purchase it from any other country can be a reason as well as the emotionally powerful plots they have. Besides Korean movies, Korean pop music also deserves a place on the list of exported Korean culture. K-Pop or Korean Pop is a musical genre originating in South Korea consisting of pop, dance, electropop, hip hop, rock, RB, and electronic music. Let’s say Super Junior, 2NE1, SNSD, Wonder Girls, Big Bang, 2PM, JYP, IU, and many more, who does not know them? In 2011, these groups and singers have donated 35 trillion rupiah to South Korea’s GDP. These idols have a big impact on their fans’ culture, including food, fashion, make-up trends, and even plastic surgery. Leading talent agencies such as S.M. Entertainment Co. and YG Entertainment said recent concerts held by Korean entertainers in the United States and Europe have shown the potential for growth in markets outside of Asia. Korean big business is trying to transform those fans into consumers of Korean products and services. Korean Wave is exposing the beauty attracts that both of their celebrities and the places used by their popular movies have. The locations of the Korean movies took place has become a main destination for tourists. These tourists are mostly the fans who are willing to collect all their savings and travel to Korea just to see the place where their favorite scene in their movie took place, or even to watch their idols on a live show. The filming location of †Full House† in Shido Island, â€Å"Jewel in the Palace† in Daejanggeum Theme Park, Winter Sonata in Nami Island, and so on. Another tourism spots that people aim to visit in Korea are â€Å"Locks of Love† in Namsan Tower, a historic pagoda-style gateway Namdaemun, and another shopping places like Myeong-dong shopping area and Busan market. South Korea is also well-known as a hot spot for medical tourism, the country is expanding its one-stop plastic surgery centers to deal with the influx of foreigners fly ing in for surgical procedures. The government’s goal is to attract one million foreign patients by 2020. Thus, interest in flying to Korea is rising, so is the national income. There are also some Korean traditional arts that interest foreigners to visit Korea. They are like Hanok, Jeongjae, Buchaechum, Nongok, and Taepyeongmu. Hanok is Korean traditional house, whereas Jeongjae , Buchaechum, Nongok, and Taepyeongmu are Korean tradional dances. And don’t forget the Korean ceramics and Korean pottery, that most of them are went to Japan The road to Korean Wave is trodden everyday by new visitors who are warmly welcomed by Korean people and fascinated by the culture. The drive to know more about Korea stimulates Korean Wave to develop into more sophisticated cultural forms, which in turn, brings Korean Wave to a higher level. With this Korean Wave showing the advanced condition of South Korea itself, another countries’ awareness to invest in South Korea increases.

A Methodology to Teaching Writing Essay example -- Education Education

A Methodology to Teaching Writing I believe that achieving success in teaching very different aspects of life may still combine similar processes. My life in high school was very similar to the lives of many other students in that it revolved around two things: sports and school. My sport of choice was tennis and my favorite academic area was English. Unexpectedly, I found many similarities led to a successful performance in both areas. My understanding of the need for a good program to follow and a lot of practice with it led to success in both tennis and my academic performance (especially English). Upon becoming a recognized player in my area, I decided to take the skill that I knew better than any other and utilize it as a job; I was a tennis coach. Success in that field, teaching mainly high school students, has led me to believe I can adopt a similar program for success in the classroom. Just as I had to learn an effective way to teach others the tennis skills that I had learned, I will also have to be a ble to adjust my philosophy inside a classroom. My outline for successful teaching of writing combines what I have put into practice working with high school students in a sports forum with what I am learning is the best way to approach a writing classroom. When a high school student first takes a tennis lesson from me, that student is very often an inexperienced freshman just months away from their first tryout. On that first day I must be very clear and very encouraging in my instructions because of the nervousness of the player. By the first lesson I am aware of what level of ability I am working with, and can make adjustments from there. For student writers, the process can be similar. The writer may ... ...o accomplish. A supportive process is more likely to breed success. Students will have different styles, hidden talents, and unique creative processes. Some will love to write and bring these elements out on their own. Others need special prompting. Ultimately I feel that students will always have something to say. Each person has elements of their lives’ that they enjoy, and those are subjects for writing. Each individual has elements that bring them pain, frustration or sadness, and those are subjects for writing too. Getting kids to want to write is not necessarily outlined in my process, and that will be a challenge that I will have to learn even as I teach. I think the key to successful motivation will be to spark the ideas that motivate a student. Maybe even more important is that if that spark is hard to find, not to give up, but to keep seeking it.

Marketing Mix Apple Essay

In the economy, the marketing has an important position which decides almost the success of the company or the brand. Most of well-known brands in the world also have a good marketing plan; Apple is the best example for having excellent marketing strategies. In this essay, the marketing mix strategy of Apple will be discussed to understand how Apple makes their high value in more details. The first thing to take account into marketing mix strategy is the product. As already known, Apple is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Cupertino, California that designs, develops, and sell consumer electronics, computer sofware, and personal computers. Apple provides the customer a wide range of product that covers many field of technology. For instance, the most special invention of Apple is Apple Macintosh, they have many kinds of Mac with many different size and options of configuration. Moreover, IPod was known as the first mp3 player of the world. It is not only the mp3 player but also the symbol of music fashion. Until now, IPod still affects gradually to market of mp3 players. In addition, in the last five years, Apple has created new-brand market for smartphone with their special product – IPHONE. From IPhone 2G, 3G, 3Gs, 4G, 4Gs to 5G, IPhone always make a big wave to the technology world. That proves products of Apple always have strong range to the technological market. What is more, another invention of Apple that also makes a new move of technology is IPAD. It leads for a new century of tablet. Now IPad may be known as the best tablet in many customers’ s mind. Beside that, Apple gives their customer many other products such as iTunes, accessories, and service. Second, price also is important part of marketing mix strategy. The price of all products of Apple is now low compared to their competitor’s product’s price but there is a reason for this issue. Apple is the premium brand that does not compete on price. They may dominate the market even though their price may be quite high in some countries. Generally, Apple is proud that their products is union between technology and liberal arts so they not just sell products, they sell art. IPhone, Ipad, and IPod also are symbol of fashion. In conclusion, the price of Apple’s product is made for their customer’s value. The next is place. Apple’s headquater is located at Infinite Loop, Curpetino, California. They have over 200 retails around the world. Major cities have at least three big stores, more important, the customer not only purchase products but only can test them, receive supported imformation, and they may not buy products if they do not want. This is the key of success of Apple to satisfy their customer. Finally, promotion create difference of Apple’s marketing mix strategy. Apple just use launching new product to promote their products with their great ability of presentation of Apple CEO – Steve Jobs. Moreover, Apple does not join CES exhibition or any advertising. In addition, Apple made a big unchangeable symbol in customer, therefore, the customer always compare their product to their competitors’s prodcuts. It is indirect to promote for Apple. Beside that, the online Apple store offers free ship for the orders over $50, iTunes gift card, and special discount for refunished products. In conclusion, marketing mix strategy creates the brand of Apple. There is a wide range of product such as Iphone, Ipad, Ipod, and Mac with suiable price for their prenium brand. They have big network of great retail and unique promotion. Reference: www.wikipedia.com www.marketingteacher.com

Operations Strategy of Asa Essay

The mission of ASA, Inc. is to provide students with a more convenient option for food, a reasonably price of the food and delivery services. It would seem to be encouraging students to use the on campus food service as opposed to off campus foods. This mission was seen as a plan to keep business on campus. ASA’s competitive advantage is the location, more than half of the students will still be eating at the ASA facilities. ASA is a specialized food-services operator for university and college, through the surveys to determine customer needs and the market trends. ASA’s core competencies are location of facilities, they could provide a good product quicker and more conveniently than off campus competitors. For example, the pizza service, ASA can provide delivery service quicker and at a lower cost. Initially, Renee Kershaw chooses to use her pizza operations to compete with off campus eateries base on delivery service and price. The pizza is delivering by the bicycle on-campus. Students would have not only greater variety but also the convenience of having food delivered quickly to their rooms. Kershaw limited the combinations of toppings available to keep costs down and provide fast delivery. Her competitive priorities were delivery speed and price. The on-campus location and limited combinations of toppings make these priorities possible. The new food court located on-campus, have the same advantage as ASA. The direct competitor, Pizza Hut was providing a limited selection of pizzas on a â€Å"walk-up-and-order† basis. Most likely they can also provide product at similar prices, and offering a limited menu. But Pizza Hut has the brand names. However, ASA still maintains its delivery advantage. The new competitive priorities might focus on expending product variety and provide good quality, because the grill’s supervisor had told that the requests for pizza toppings and combinations not on the menu had steadily increased, it show that a customer interest in variety. An increased in product variety will affect both service and cost. The capacities of existing equipment and space allocated for making and cooking pizzas now were insufficient to meet demand. Kershaw will need to add capacity and to hire additional workers to maintain service.

Debrief Essays - Plan B Skateboards, Free Essays, Term Papers

Debrief Essays - Plan B Skateboards, Free Essays, Term Papers Debrief Reflect on the project and the way(s) in which you approached and completed it. Use the following prompts to assist your thinking. Strengths What was good about what I did? Which parts of my work was I really confident about? What went well and made me feel successful with this task? Weaknesses What didn't I do well? What didn't work about what I was trying to achieve and why? Is there anything I didn't consider that was a factor in me not being successful with parts of this task? In the part of representing our research, I think I organized all the information well into categories and dot points. The Design' part contains many information that we have thought of, even they are not in the final product. Our teamwork of our group during the Dream' and Design' phases were good and well-organized. The proposal is a really confident product of all three of us, we finished them not on time and full of information During the Dream' phase, there were not a lot of ideas with variety came out of us We underestimate the hardness of finding some actual tree seeds, that makes the prototype not as perfect as we want Some of the communication issue occur make the prototype not well (e.g. bag size) What are your overall thoughts on how your project went? What comment would you make about your actions throughout this assessment? Overall, I think my project went pretty well. At every stage, there were something that I felt struggled about, but I went through them and make them into something I was satisfied. During Discover' phase, I think there were too much information that we didn't actually use them later in the assessment. During the Dream' phase, the three members in my group were a little bit struggled with coming up original and doable ideas. But at the end we had an idea that all of us liked. Are you planning to follow through with this "plan" for JPC, even though the project for Geography is finished? If so, what are you thinking and what is the timeline for this? What else do you need to make this successful? Since we have email the head of primary school and she said she would pass our proposal to the leader team of Year 2, if the Year 2 leaders are interested in our proposal and have the willing to actualize this plan, we would like to follow through it. However, I think if we are going to do the plan, there are still things to adjust and discuss with the Year 2 leaders, for example the tree types and the following plan after giving out the seed bags. Do you think that this was a worthwhile experience for Year 10 students, particularly those studying Geography? Explain your answer. I think this is a worthwhile experience. Because it can make the Geography student get to know the issue deeper. And the fact that the students are trying to solve them by their own is a really good practice for students to develop a comprehensive thinking.

buy custom Simple Regression essay

buy custom Simple Regression essay Simple regression is used when one wants to predict value of one variable given values of another variable or it is used to find the relationship between two variables. It is a method that can be used to determine the relationship between a continuous process out put (y) and one factor (x). The relationship can be expressed in the terms of a mathematical equation such as y= a+bx. where x and y are the variables and b the slope, a= to the intercept point of regression line and the y axis. The value b which is the slope is equal to ; The slope (b) = (NXY ( X)( Y))/((N X2 - (X)2 ) and The intercept (a) = (sum; Y-b(X))/ N N is the number of elements of the variables x and y where X and Yare the individual values of the different variables and the sign for summation of the values is where XY sum of the product of the values of X and Y, and X is the sum of the values of x and Y is the sum of the values of y and X2 the sum of the square of the values of x (Hiox calculator n.d). Multiple Regression Multiple regression is used where we want to predict the value of one variable from several independent variables. In multiple regression the several independent variables are used to predict the dependent variable we can use an equation such as the one sampled below. Y= a+ b1X1 + b2X2 .. + bkXk. Using the given formula Y is the value of the dependant variable or what is being predicted, whereas a is the constant or intercept. Variables that follow are independent and they should not be correlated. They are expressed as x1, x2xk . These are the several independent variables that will be used to forecast the dependant variable Y. The values of b1, b2. bk are coefficients which are equal to the slopes of the independent variables (StatSoft, 1998). Buy custom Simple Regression essay

Ten Things to Know About North Korea

Ten Things to Know About North Korea The country of North Korea has been in the news frequently in recent years due to its uneasy relationship with the international community. However, few people know much about North Korea. For example, its full name is The Democratic Peoples Republic of North Korea. This article provides facts such as these to give an introduction into the ten most important things about North Korea in an effort to geographically educate readers on the country. 1. The country of North Korea is located on the northern part of the Korean Peninsula which extends the Korea Bay and the Sea of Japan. It is south of China and north of South Korea and occupies roughly 46,540 square miles (120,538 square km) or is slightly smaller than the state of Mississippi. 2. North Korea is separated from South Korea via a ceasefire line that was set along the 38th parallel after the end of the Korean War. It is separated from China by the Yalu River. 3. Terrain in North Korea consists mainly of mountains and hills that are separated by deep, narrow river valleys. The highest peak in North Korea, the volcanic Baekdu Mountain, is found in the northeastern portion of the country at 9,002 feet (2,744 m). Coastal plains are also prominent in the western portion of the country and this area is the main center of agriculture in North Korea. 4. North Koreas climate is temperate with the majority of its rainfall concentrated in the summer. 5. The population of North Korea as of July 2009 was 22,665,345, with a population density of 492.4 persons per square mile (190.1 per sq km) and a median age of 33.5 years. Life expectancy in North Korea is 63.81 years and has fallen in recent years due to famine and lack of medical care. 6. The predominant religions in North Korea are Buddhist and Confucian (51%), traditional beliefs like Shamanism are 25%, while Christians make up 4% of the population and the remaining North Koreans consider themselves as other followers of other religions. In addition, there are government-sponsored religious groups in North Korea. The literacy rate in North Korea is 99%. 7. The capital of North Korea is Pyongyang which is also its largest city. North Korea is a communist state with a single legislative body called the Supreme Peoples Assembly. The country is divided into nine provinces and two municipalities. 8. North Koreas current chief of state is Kim Jong-Il. He has been in that position since July 1994, however, his father, Kim Il-Sung has been named North Koreas eternal president. 9 North Korea gained its independence on August 15, 1945 during the Korean liberation from Japan. On September 9, 1948 the Democratic Peoples Republic of North Korea was established when it became a separate communist country and after the end of the Korean War, North Korea became a closed totalitarian country, focused on self-reliance to limit outside influences. 10. Because North Korea is focused on self-reliance and is closed to outside countries, more than 90% of its economy is controlled by the government and 95% of the goods produced in North Korea are manufactured by state-owned industries. This has caused development and human rights issues to arise in the country. The main crops in North Korea are rice, millet and other grains while industry focuses on the production of military weapons, chemicals, and the mining of minerals like coal, iron ore, graphite and copper. To learn more about North Korea read North Korea - Facts and History on the Asian History GuideSite at About.com and visit the North Korea Geography and Maps page here at Geography at About.com. References Central Intelligence Agency. (2010, April 21). CIA - The World Factbook North Korea. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kn.html Infoplease.com. (n.d.). Korea, North: History, Geography, Government, and Culture - Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0107686.html Wikipedia. (2010, April 23). North Korea - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea United States Department of State. (2010, March). North Korea (03/10). Retrieved from: state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2792.htm

My dream car Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My dream car - Essay Example What more or less could I think of? I started thinking about this car when I was in the high school. I came to know about BMW by its excessive advertising and media exposure. My personal likeness was accompanied by the fame and prestige this car acquired. It further motivated me towards the aim of attaining it one day. At that time, I was a student. I was so fond of that car that I used to search about it on internet so as to discover about it, to have knowledge about its features and functions. I have saved about 1000 pictures of BMW in my computer. My dream car is in the attractive red color which seems very beautiful to me. My dream was fully supported by my plans to fulfill it. I started accumulating money in the school summer vacations. I researched the price of BMW and started working hard to collect the required amount of money. The BMW was worth $8000. I worked at 2 different places in order to achieve my target. By the end of my vacations, I observed that I am still way behind what I aimed to achieve. I could accumulate $4000 only in the vacations. By the start of my schools, my hopes were all shattered and I moved on to buy a cheaper car. I asked for help from my mother and others by seeking their advice and financial support. It was apparent that no one could lend me this huge amount at that time when I was not even done with my studies and was not able to get a reputable job. I used to believe that nothing in this world is impossible. It is quite true in most of the cases but under the circumstances that I faced, I failed to change the impossible factor to possible. The conditions were not going in my favor and it was turning hard for me to buy my dream car. I bought myself a car that was not too expensive, luxurious nor prestigious but instead was very economical, spacious and not much

Answer 1 question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer 1 question - Essay Example On the other hand, in political science, the term legitimacy refers to the popular acceptance of the authority of the outside bodies by the governing body. The governing body has no option but to accept on the every authority that is given to it by the outside superior bodies. The governing body must just take them regardless of whether they favor the country citizens or not (Cohen, 2013). In political science, there are various relationships between the two states of sovereignty and the legitimacy. Some of these relationships include the following ones. First, in both countries that exercise either legitimacy or sovereignty, the governing bodies must have to stick by their legislative deadlocks. In a political state that uses the political sovereignty, they still have some small influential elites that all the governing bodies must adhere to. This is similar to a nation that exercises political legitimacy. They have no option other than just adhering to the authority of the governing regime. For example, in Chinese political philosophy, the political legitimacy of their rule in the government derived from the Heaven Mandate since the period of Zhou Dynasty. Due to legitimacy, those rulers who lost had no option but to accept that mandate was to rule over the people (Kalmo and Skinner, 2010). Other than that, the other relationship between the sovereignty and legitimacy is that, in both states, there is a regime that is final. In the political sovereignty, a body detects what appears to be interference from the outside bodies. The body then decides on what should exactly be done on that, and there is nobody that can object that. Similarly, in a political legitimacy state, there is a superior body that decides on what the body of governors should do and there is no other body has the authority to object that. Taking an example in the real situation, USA as a superior state that is in controls

Management for Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management for Organizations - Essay Example Also, the logo of Ron Jon is popular worldwide (Ron Jon website, the History) while the logo of Hilo Hattie is not recognizable at international level. It should be noted that both companies emphasize on the uniqueness and the range of their products, as a competitive advantage towards their competitors. Hilo Hattie is the only retailer in Hawaii that offers to its customers an extremely high range of products. Ron Jon has emphasized on products related only to Surf, aiming to address customers in the specific sector. Specializing on Surf-related products Ron Jon is able to provide to its customers a high range of products of this category. In the websites of the two companies elements can be retrieved in regard to their organizational planning, leading and control. These elements are presented in Table 1 below. Companies/ Element in the website Ron Jon Surf Shop Hilo Hattie Organizational planning In the section ‘Our Company’; employees are highly valued; emphasis is al so given on the firm’s corporate environment In the section ‘Fun Stuff’ and the sub-section ‘About Hilo Hattie’; the key target of the company has been its development into a major centre of vacation shopping. Organizing In the section ‘Our Company’ / subsection: History; the company has developed its own stores but it also highly based on partnerships. In the section ‘Fun Stuff’ and the sub-section ‘About Hilo Hattie’; the company operates exclusively through its own stores. Important information on the company’s daily operations are also included in the section ‘Info’; for example, the return of a product is based on the rules included in the Returns & Exchanges sub-section Staffing In the section ‘Careers’; Employee benefits include ‘Employee discounts and Educational Assistance’ Vacancies are presented through the website’s section ‘Contact Usâ€℠¢ and the sub-section ‘Careers’; no information is provided in regard to the terms of employment in the company’s stores Leading In the section ‘Our Company’; emphasis is given on the store’s founder, Ron DiMenna and his leading style which is followed by the stores’ managers; securing fun for customers is among the priorities of the company’s leading aspect (Reilly, Minnick & Baack 2011, p.3) The only information provided in regard to the company’s leading is included in the section ‘Contact Us’ and the sub-section ‘Management team’ Control The control over the selling process is secured through a series of rules including in the document under the title ‘Routine and Compliance Guide’, as updated in Jan 2013; the Guide is included in the section ‘Our Company’ and the sub-section ‘Vendor Info’ The company’s operations are aligned with a series of rules included in the section ‘Info’; for example, customers’ privacy is secured while the terms of Returns and Exchanges are analytically described in the relevant sub-section Table 1 – Organizational elements in the companies’ websites Question 2 Company Valuation - Dunkin Donuts The company’s distinctive competence is its brand name as the most popular ‘chain of baked goods and coffee’

Principles of Managing Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Principles of Managing Operations - Essay Example Galloway defines 'Operations Management' as 'all activities concerned with the deliberate transformation of materials, information or customers' Elaborating his definition he states that 'Operations Management' is "concerned with both the effective and efficient management of any operation." (1998 1-2) Johnston et al define 'Operations Management' as "concerned with the design, planning, control and improvement of an organization's resources and processes to produce goods or services for customers." Thus key management tasks in operations management are designing, planning, controlling, improvement of activities; transforming input resources into goods or services (input-transformation-output); understanding the organisation's strategic intentions and translating them into operations and performance objectives which in turn guide operations decisions about design, planning, control and improvement of operations resources and processes. (1997 15-25) Supermarkets are self-service food stores stocking and selling a variety of goods including groceries, foods, medicines, clothes, alcohol (where permitted) and other household goods. Supermarkets may offer some goods produced by them but more generally they retail products of many manufacturers. They are often chains of stores supplied by the distribution centres of large businesses. Today they offer home deliveries, online transactions, extend their services to credit cards and other financial products (e.g. Tesco in the UK). They operate on the principles of 'economies of scale' because of which they are able to offer products cheap and convenience because they offer a variety of goods and services in one location. While these features are common to all supermarkets, the creativity with which a supermarket market markets its products (or services), establishes its brand equity and ultimately the quality of services it offers lend it the winning edge. 1. Product Design: As we have seen earlier the brand differentiator in the case of supermarkets is their quality of service to customers. In the case of manufactured goods the customer is not involved in the transformation process and the finished product is stocked prior to supply. On the other hand, American Marketing Association defines a "service" as "Activities, benefits or satisfactions, which are offered for sale or provided in connection with sale of goods." (Galloway 1998 1-2) Customer satisfaction in the context of supermarkets is obtained by locating them in their vicinity or offering free home delivery, offering large varieties to suit customer tastes and delight, the ease with which a customer can find or is helped to find his/her requirements, the efficiency with which the customer is serviced, pricing vis--vis competitors and of course underwriting quality of the products sold. It is difficult to define which of these issues appeals to individual customers but to be in business a supermarket has to strike a balance among them. A customer who is not able to find (for e.g.) sugar in a supermarket, a customer who can not find his favourite brand of coffee because the supermarket does not stock it, a customer who does not find a ready attendant to

Marketing Communications Campaign (Advertisement) for a Masters Degree Essay

Marketing Communications Campaign (Advertisement) for a Masters Degree - Essay Example This paper illustrates several aspects outstand about the advert observed, which makes it attract the eye of the person that sees it. Firstly, the poster is very clear; the details that are given are straightforward. No exaggerations are made, the information is very categorical and features exactly what potential learner may want to know. Its clarity also arouses interest since the interested person would like to call and know more; otherwise, uninterested parties are kept away easily. Another characteristic of the advert is that it takes a very simplistic approach; the design is simple while the information provided takes a narrow scope but it provides the platform in which an interested person may go to seek for more information. However, the simplistic approach has made them leave some of the vital information that could be more attractive or giving more directions to the user, for example, the University website. If this detail is added the advert can most likely capture a bette r attention and the ease of getting further information enhanced. Adverts are prone to zipping and zapping by the consumers. Research has indicated that zipping and zapping have the ability to interfere with the processing of information presented in an advert this is because of it is strongly linked to the information processing of the human brain. Recommendations made towards the elimination of this advertising impediment are to reduce the airing period or otherwise increase the speed of the presentation when airing through the television. In this advert, the brevity of information provided gives it the perfect presentation that will already feed the consumer before the thought of zipping or zapping gets into their mind. Well, despite the effects of these two aspects the viewer will already have the information with them. This makes it very easy to retrieve the information without much strain. The ease is brought about by the fact that the viewer is likely to capture the name of t he institution as well as the program hence they can seek the information from the internet when they are in need of the program information.

Principles of Managing Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Principles of Managing Operations - Essay Example Galloway defines 'Operations Management' as 'all activities concerned with the deliberate transformation of materials, information or customers' Elaborating his definition he states that 'Operations Management' is "concerned with both the effective and efficient management of any operation." (1998 1-2) Johnston et al define 'Operations Management' as "concerned with the design, planning, control and improvement of an organization's resources and processes to produce goods or services for customers." Thus key management tasks in operations management are designing, planning, controlling, improvement of activities; transforming input resources into goods or services (input-transformation-output); understanding the organisation's strategic intentions and translating them into operations and performance objectives which in turn guide operations decisions about design, planning, control and improvement of operations resources and processes. (1997 15-25) Supermarkets are self-service food stores stocking and selling a variety of goods including groceries, foods, medicines, clothes, alcohol (where permitted) and other household goods. Supermarkets may offer some goods produced by them but more generally they retail products of many manufacturers. They are often chains of stores supplied by the distribution centres of large businesses. Today they offer home deliveries, online transactions, extend their services to credit cards and other financial products (e.g. Tesco in the UK). They operate on the principles of 'economies of scale' because of which they are able to offer products cheap and convenience because they offer a variety of goods and services in one location. While these features are common to all supermarkets, the creativity with which a supermarket market markets its products (or services), establishes its brand equity and ultimately the quality of services it offers lend it the winning edge. 1. Product Design: As we have seen earlier the brand differentiator in the case of supermarkets is their quality of service to customers. In the case of manufactured goods the customer is not involved in the transformation process and the finished product is stocked prior to supply. On the other hand, American Marketing Association defines a "service" as "Activities, benefits or satisfactions, which are offered for sale or provided in connection with sale of goods." (Galloway 1998 1-2) Customer satisfaction in the context of supermarkets is obtained by locating them in their vicinity or offering free home delivery, offering large varieties to suit customer tastes and delight, the ease with which a customer can find or is helped to find his/her requirements, the efficiency with which the customer is serviced, pricing vis--vis competitors and of course underwriting quality of the products sold. It is difficult to define which of these issues appeals to individual customers but to be in business a supermarket has to strike a balance among them. A customer who is not able to find (for e.g.) sugar in a supermarket, a customer who can not find his favourite brand of coffee because the supermarket does not stock it, a customer who does not find a ready attendant to

All projects are expected to realise a certain Value Essay

All projects are expected to realise a certain Value - Essay Example Taking care of the elderly on an individual or family perspective can be a daunting task hence predisposing the elderly to lower quality of care. The LA project is therefore expected to generate value to the stakeholders such as the construction workers, the government, the families of the elderly, and the general population well-being in general. The family is one of the greatest beneficiaries that tap the benefit of having the elderly among them be taken care of. The challenge of caregiving among the elderly is demonstrated by the costs, energy, and the time taken with the elderly. These three important components can be used in other activities when there is a specialized care that is centralized by the LA. In essence, the elderly gets to have quality care while the family is less involved in the care. This means that they are able to tap insurmountable value from the establishment. The value in the family is also enhanced by the view that little effort is required in looking at the interest of the elderly among them. The LA home environment also adds value to the elderly by making them interact with others and hence have their view of life from the elderly perspective. The chances of the elderly being mistreated will be expected to be minimized since they are kept way from the family members and other caregivers that can easily mistreat them. In addition, the services that is provided in some home settings are poor or inadequate for the wellbeing of the elderly. This means that the elderly get to get quality care from the LA facility. The establishment of the LA project generates value to the constructors that tap a number of related benefits. Though indirectly related to caregiving for the elderly, the construction of the project will require contractors that will be paid in order to develop the project, these will further require suppliers and employees. All these stakeholders among

Globalization and Youth Essay Example for Free

Globalization and Youth Essay Globalization and Culture mean different things to different people and the emerging generation will shape the future of both. There has been cultural implications are central to understanding human side of globalization in youth culture as a whole. Youth are important but the society does not realize this because they are paying attention to more the cultural side of the problem. No longer is it a question of whether globalization is having an impact on all aspects of human life; the more pressing question being asked today is what that impact entails. The core goal is to explore the situated effects of the era in which we are living now on the global and local cultures of young people† according to Jacqueline Kennelly. The youth have come to represent both the moral decline of eroding social fabric and the hope for a new and creative response to challenging times in which global youth cultures have responded to that incorporates the limits and possibilities of the contemporary era. There have been many laws that have made children and the youth enter into the market in ways they should not. The implications of this situation is that young people are now required to turn inward- to themselves and in some cases their families in order to respond to enormous uncertainties and risk associated with modern life. Youth studies appear to have increased on how we need to represent local youth identities and social practices within international, transnational or global contexts. This challenge is repeated across many different types of study and worked through in a variety ways. There is a common thread that will help young people’s identities and lives today must or should be understood with reference to global phenomena and frameworks and in terms of how they can negotiate and are formed in the intersection of local and global contexts. People are beginning to question about youth identities today, one of the key problems is that young people do not realize the gains and losses these youth are facing in the local and global comparison. Many of these studies have realized that youth research examines the impact of globalization on the youth experience and identity and in various ways engages with the local and global dualism as conceptual frameworks that have been studied throughout the years. These studies show more of strengths than weaknesses due to the global levels in focus with the local, national and global levels. The youth have been studied for many years which mean there is a lot to more research about how globalization will affect the many concerns today. Contemporary youth research is conducted in the era of cultural globalization and this means that it can cause more trouble to what is being studied. Globalization in youth is something hard to explain but it is easy to explain when talking about the world as a whole. It shows that youth do have a big impact on the world because they are learning to set an example for when they grow up to show that they can make changes as their role models have. Academic youth and culture have been long understood as inseparable and closely related to one another since education is important if they want to have good paying careers. Most of this information is based on the ethnic culture since we have different types it is hard to know which ones will be successful and who will be the troublemakers. The context of globalization processes understanding and the preservation of ethnic self-identity has become important value for that reason our youth needs to understand that the lifestyle is different from what it was a few years ago because youth are using more technology and seem to know more about situations before the adults tend to know. As Sam George states â€Å" Young people have a symbiotic relationship with globalization that accelerates its influence in their lives†, and studies have shown that people have been denied the existence of globalization of culture. As explained it is widely agreed that there is no such thing as global culture, but it has not been figured out and it hard to explain since youth and globalization have different aspects. It is difficult to discern between global and local influences between the spatial effects of globalization in our everyday lives. This is a special issue that needs to be addressed to the point that the youth cultural spaces that have been immune to social inequalities. As explained in many of these articles we see that youth have created new social and cultural spaces in the global and local communities that experience problems with race, class and gender all over the world. I think youth need to have more focus because everyday in the news something is going on with children getting into trouble or dying for unknown reasons. Such as getting shot for wearing a hoodie or taking unknown drugs that affect them by hanging around bad influences this is an example of how youth culture By mapping and troubling how these frameworks operate in recent research about youth and globalization, Kennelly â€Å"asks how researchers interpret that represent apparent transformations in their lives. † Education also plays an important role in the youth culture because the education systems are organized nationally and there has been suspicion that globalization has been on the rise in these communities according to Julie McLeod. Global or transnational changes do not simply happen in global either and can manifest in particular places and times. As Kenneth Hultqvist (2003) argues while there â€Å" is nothing global or general per se,† globalizing trends and ideas are made â€Å"global by being inserted and translated and put to work on various local (national) contexts†. There have been many studies that can be used and be understood about many ideas and truths about young people in today’s society. It also involves looking at local translations and not only of global discourses in the economic processed and how it impacts the experience of young people. The word Globalization has been widely used in the last ten years of the last century especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Globalization appeared clearly in a period a little more than ten years and was based in the USA after the collapse of the socialist bloc . Thus globalization moved in rapid leaps skipping time phases especially after the Information and communication revolution, the arm race, the unipolar hegemony over third-world countries and countries of the previous socialist bloc . Globalization was introduced at the beginning as a modernizing aspect that brings about changes in the scientific block. Globalization was introduced at the beginning as a modernizing aspect that brings about changes in the scientific, just like cultural and political fields that aims at linking economic and technological advancement associating things to establish a new global civilization that is in the interests of the global centre that produces technology and leads the phenomena of the flow of commodities, services, construction and other things prevailing in western countries, especially America , to other countries and third world countries in particular. And we believe that globalization especially cultural globalization has different impacts because at first glance, the concept of globalization calls for the unification of ideas, values and ways of thinking among different peoples of the world as a means providing a broad area of mutual understanding and bringing people closer and securing world peace and these are all goals worth respect and appreciation . This triggered more inquiries about globalization; its nature, facts, illusions, advantages, disadvantages and how to deal with it. According to Nadine Dolby and Fazal Rizvi (2008), â€Å"consider the different forms and intensification of youth mobility- physical, imagined,virtual,desired,enforced- across both local and global spaces. † People in different regions are caught up in the continual circulation of global culture, through all types of media, movies and the internet; this is has recently changed since the circumstances that young people inhabit are different from the past. Young people are affected by the local and global dynamic is represented as a part of how they become modern and it not really understood in social or political shapes the young peoples daily lives. There is a fact that globalization represents the local as acted upon, as powerless in the face of global forces and it is argued that power is not confined to the global. As explained by Jacqueline Kennelly not resolving potential debates and argues that an important and fruitful direction for youth studies can be found in more historically enriched approaches to researching â€Å"young people today†. As discussed in many of these articles about youth culture has given me a better perspective of how that are existent throughout the world. The notion is that the late modern condition of globalization is influenced by such forces that are being met by powerfully globalizing forces. Multiple research has been done throughout the world with economic, academic and other resources has been essential because there has been global, political and social forces causing all the young people from being privileged like other countries. Young people are at the very heart of this unfolding global economic and cultural order. Also to acknowledge the effects of national location with all the local and global relations with the contemporary youth has caused many problems and needs to be changed right away without it becoming a major problem. Many discussions have been done about youth culture in different countries because some people may want to know what is going on with youth especially in global communities since we cannot be close to them.

Stakeholders Involved in Decision Making

Stakeholders Involved in Decision Making Mitchelle Malijan In every policy making process, the elements involved, and the most engaged people are those who are on the higher ranks of the organisational chart, such as the board of directors, managers, and supervisors. The reason for this is because another key factor in the approval of any policies is the monetary fund or budget needed to execute such plan of action. In line with this, the budget is usually handled and managed by those who are in the higher division of any organisation, thus giving them the power and influence over the whole system. However, it is always ideal to involve all the participating individuals, such as the staffs and consumers as well in the making of any policy. This is because the employees are the ones who are in direct connection to the problems that are identified which will be the foundation of the policy making procedure. Overall, the staffs doing most of the jobs are the ones greatly affected by any problems recognised that is why it is really important for these group of people to be part of the decision making process in creating any policies. Workplace Any work place may be run by a variety of leaders with different and diverse management styles. It depends on the type of company that they handle. However, the important thing in making decisions in the work place is the welfare of the staffs and employees. It is because these people are the ones who are in direct involvement to any work related issues in the company, even though the decisions are done by those who are in the higher rank in the office, like the directors, CEO’s and the like. Due to this scenario, an applicable decision making model for this particular area may be the Contingency Theory. Contingency theory states that a leader must have a good relationship with his members. It also expresses that no particular or specific style will be perfect and always suitable for every organisation. These factors; Leader-member relationship, his power and authority over the people, will make up for the favourability of any situation.[1] At the end of the day, the decision to be done by the manager or leader will still depend whether his subordinates or staff will agree on it. Government The government is a group of leaders who are having influence or power over a particular assembly of people or community. This entails the idea that a leader must possess a quality of a good commander who is firm, strong, and determined; but still must be able to communicate and listen well to his people who are under his authority. That is why a decision making model which may be applicable for this area is the Political Bargaining Model. The Political Bargaining Model states that every decision making process that is influenced by certain factors, like what the people or participants bargain, want and need in a particular scenario or environment. This model can be used in the government setting as the government, even though run by leaders, is still created by the people since they are the ones being managed and they are the ones who voted for those leaders to be in their position. So in the end, what matters most is the people’s consensus and decision. To make this simple, the leaders must serve these people who put them to the place where they are now. This is relevant though in a democratic government. Since the leaders in the government have the job and responsibility to maintain and safeguard the welfare of their subordinates, they must be able to do what is best for them, and be flexible as much as possible to attend to their necessities and wants. In this system, collaboration and give and take actions between the members and the leaders are evident. Professional Organisations A professional organisation is defined as any group of individuals who are working in the same line of business or occupation.[2] This organisation, commonly not profit generating, aims to promote, enhance, and develop the existing performance or scope of practice of the profession that it is involved with. It also targets to protect and safe guard the welfare, safety, and interest of its members and stakeholders.[3] Examples of these groups are organisations like the Nursing Council of New Zealand, Chartered Professional Engineers Council, and the like. In making decisions for the professional organisational setting, the organisational process model may be applicable. This is because the policy created by these bodies lies on the existing rules that each profession possesses. In addition to this idea, it is mentioned that a professional organisation, as the definition states, aims to improve and develop the scope of practice of the occupation it covers. Hence, the organisational process model of decision making is a suitable pattern and framework for this area of politics and policy that a health care professional may be immersed with. An example for this can be the case of creating a policy to manage the working hours and shifts of nurses in hospitals and health care facilities. This proposal will rely on the existing fact of the working hours and schedules that a nurse have; say for instance 40 hours per week and shifting from night to day duties. To reduce the risk for health hazards, stress, and fatigue for employees, some changes or adjustments will be recommended for this. Like giving allowance of around 9 hours for those nurses who will be shifting duties from night to day, or vice versa. In this recommendation, nurses will still be working on different shifts, as per required in their profession, and also still get the same working hours required. Community A community is a small or large unit in the society that is composed of group of people who are sharing the same interests, pursuits, and goals in life. Any decisions that are to be done with regard to this circle must be beneficial for the majority and their interest. Decisions must also be done in line with the current trends, situations, and circumstances. So, for this area, a suitable decision making pattern may be the Garbage Can Model. The Garbage Can Model is defined as the opposite of the rational decision making model, thus, leading it to the thought that it may be disorganised and confusing as opposed to the other one. But, if looking deep into its meaning and context, the Garbage can model can be a sensible tool to solve issues in the community because it uses the four elements: people or members, issues, the solutions, and the choices. By studying those four factors, decisions are being formulated in a practical way and less time consuming because the only needed things are taken into consideration. This scenario can be compared in an emergency situation in an emergency department in the hospital. The decisions to be done by the health care professionals such as the doctors and nurses will be solely based on the client’s condition and diagnosis (represents people and issues), the possible interventions that can be done to alleviate the pain or cure the ailment (solutions), and the choices (equipment an d medications available). This way, resources are maximised and only the essential factors are considered. This is the reason why this model is suitable for the community setting since in this area, various issues may arise because of the number of people involved in this association, so a decision maker must be able to focus on one problem at a time, and lay down only the needed solution choices for such to avoid confusion and time wastage. References: Shpak, S. (2014). The Contingency Theory of Decision Making. Retrieved from: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/contingency-theory-decision-making-44645.html Reference for Business. (2014). Retrieved from: http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/Per-Pro/Professional-and-Trade-Organizations.html Wikipedia: Professional Organisation. (n.d.). Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_association [1] [2] [3]

Who Really Has the Power? Essay examples -- Political Science

The strongest branch of government is the Executive branch because it holds the most influential power of the "Three" (being the Executive, the Legislative, and the judicial branch) as well as many other "informal powers". Though the strengths of each branch of government were meant to maintain equality in the government, due to informal powers, the executive branch can override a veto from either branch. In addition, the president, who is a part of the executive branch, is more or less the face of the country, therefore the president is able gain popularity among the citizens of the United States as well as major businesses, who have the power to vote and sponsor their appointed leader ( i.e. the president). Each branch of government has a specific role: the Legislative branch is in charge of creating laws, the Executive branch has the power to enforce these laws as well as promote and develop policy, and the judicial branch is responsible for interpreting these laws. Each branch was also created to keep the other in check; this system was called "checks and balances", which worked in various ways (Remy p65). One way being that the president can veto or reject the legislation of a law. Though in some cases Congress can override a presidential veto through a two-third's vote between both houses of legislation in conjunction with approving appointed judges. The judicial branch also holds a balance between the other branches with the power to bind congress and the president with judicial review. An example of judicial review would be the case of Brown v. Board of Education. During this case the "separate but equal" doctrine was repealed because it was considered a violation of the fourtee nth amendment and thus, unconstitutional (... ...one else. The laws created need to be enforced and interpreted, without them the basis of America would be gone due to lack of proper law. Congress a controls taxes as well, which is connected to everyone in the United States, from elected officials to the common citizen. Works Cited http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/6216.pdf Remy, Richard. United States Government Democracy In Action. 8787 Orion Place, Columbus, OH. Glencoe/McGraw-Hill. 2002. Print http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/21442 http://jpart.oxfordjournals.org/content/7/3/461.abstract http://voices.yahoo.com/what-does-board-education-do-5772712.html http://www.ustaxcourt.gov/about.htm http://voices.yahoo.com/what-does-board-education-do-5772712.html http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/early-civilrights/brown.html http://crime.about.com/od/police/a/miranda_rights.htm

History of H&M Essay

H & M, (Hennes & Mauritz AB) is a Swedish multinational retail-clothing company, known for its trendy fashion clothing for men, women, teenagers and children. It started out as a single womenswear store in 1947, and subsequently transformed to a global company offering fashion for the whole family, and their home. The business concept is to give the customer unbeatable value by offering fashion and quality at the best price. H&M ensures the best price by having few middlemen, having a broad, in-depth knowledge of design, fashion, textiles, buying the right products from the right markets, and being cost-conscious at every stage. H&M is driven by seven core values, namely; Keep it simple, Straight forward and open-minded, Constant improvement, Entrepreneurial spirit, Cost conscious, Team work, Belief in people. H&M’s quality testing is extensive, coupled with hard work to make sure goods are produced with least possible environmental impact and under good working conditions. Production is outsourced to independent suppliers as H&M does not own any factories. Apart from this, H&M does not own any of its stores, as they rent store space from international and local landlords. H&M is present in 43 countries and has employed about 94,000 people as of 2011. It has 2,325 stores at end of 2011 and 2,629 stores at end of August 2012. It is ranked the second largest global clothing retailer behind Zara and No. 1 user of organic cotton worldwide. Current Logistics process of H&M H&M does not own any factory, they have outsourced to external suppliers that managed two departments: Procurement and Production. The Procurement function focuses on customers, fashion and composition of the range. The clothing designs are created in Sweden by around 100 internal designers, 50 pattern designers and an estimated 100 buyers. H&M’s method of production is customer-driven. The company puts emphasis into research and forecasting of emerging trends, both through traditional research methods and innovative ones such as street trends. This activity is conducted by central staff and national offices which are responsible for detecting new trends. The production function involves 21 production offices. H&M purchases garments from about 750 suppliers, in which 60% of production takes place in Asia and the rest mainly in Europe. The production offices have a mediating function between the internal buying department and external suppliers. They ensure that the buyers’ orders are sent to the right supplier, the goods produced are of the correct price and quality and that the suppliers adhere to the company’s code of conduct. Additionally, production offices also deal with the checking and testing of sample garments, which contributes to reducing lead times. The decision of determining which supplier is the right one is not only a matter of cost-efficiency but is dependent on other factors such as transport times, import quotas and quality control aspects. To reduce risk, buying is carried out on an ongoing basis throughout the year. Continuous IT developments over the years have helped to support H&M logistics. While the inventory management is primarily handled within the H&M organisation, transport is outsourced to third parties. In terms of distribution, H&M adopts sea transportation where their finished products are shipped to a distribution centre in Germany, which will serve as a transit terminal. The transit terminal will be en-routed to receive the goods from all the suppliers across the world. Upon arrival at the designated location, goods are inspected and allocated either in a store or in the centralised warehouse. The role of the warehouse is to hold and replenish inventory levels in stores according to selling trends.

Change Initiative

Change Initiative George Tautz Grand Canyon University Organizational Development & Change MGT 623 Dr. Kensler March 17, 2010 Change Initiative Organizational change is a necessary outcome when considering various scenarios contributing to the resulting vision. Perplexing as it may seem, change initiatives don’t always result in positive outcomes. In fact, many never succeed. As a change agent, one should always have formulated a vision of what change will â€Å"look† like for the organization. One would be hard pressed to paint a landscape without having a vision of what the landscape should resemble. Yet, resistance to change usually becomes a significant factor contributing to an initiative’s failure. It is likely an implicit expectation to prepare for the advent of resistance and it consequences. A change agent’s tool box should contain a number of strategies which will support the process of change. Defining and re-defining the end result as well as the change process itself is a useful exercise in that clarity eventually overcomes obscure, poorly orchestrated attempts at invoking change. This paper will propose a change initiative designed for LC- an organization referenced previously in part I of a continuing anthology of LC’s attempts at facing change. Resistance to change will be examined within the context of how certain attributes of any successful change process operate to support or derail attempts at managing a successful change initiative. Managing change requires a vision which supports a renewal process (Moran & Brightman, 2001). Change doesn’t (or shouldn’t) occur for the sake of change. The stress which change places upon an organization isn’t likely to justify the price in terms of its effect on the people which make up the organization. Rather, change should be gauged in terms of its resultant ability to adapt to the needs of the organization’s external and internal customers (Burke, 2002). This should serve as the premise for any organizational change initiative. It is, therefore, the basis for any vision attributable to recognizing that the needs of an organization’s constituents is not being served or met. In practice, such a realization not only forms the basis for a vision of change, but also incites and solicits aberrant behavioral reactions by employees who are responsible for its implementation. Research and anecdotal examples support the fact that an initiative’s success or failure ultimately relies upon whether or not employees get in back of an initiative or stand in its way (Scheck & Kinicki, 2000). As mentioned, employee resistance is an integral component of a scenario for failure if not managed appropriately. Rampant cynicism portends what could ultimately become an abbreviated attempt at change. Symptomatic responses to resistance include withdrawal as well as decrements in performance criteria (Weeks, Roberts, Chonko, & Jones, 2004). Resistance does not necessarily have to be exclusively negative. However, it needs to be planned for and managed upon presentation. Whatever change is envisioned for LC, there must also be a strategy for harnessing employee reactions of uncertainty and control loss. In the case of LC, the precise vision of what the final outcome of change should be must be tempered by alternative strategies necessary to address resistance. In LC’s case, the vision is to become a more responsive organization able to adapt faster to environmental changes. A change in priorities coupled with an extinction of misdirected goals and objectives will require LC to utilize the coalition of support described previously in tandem with the overall goal of reviving the organization’s viability. Trusting management is an important component to the change process. If change is not managed well, employees will inevitably mistrust management. This leads to anger as well as cognitive resistance which is questioning the very need for change in the first place. Interestingly enough, too much poor quality information results in an overall exacerbation of resistance linked symptomology (Allen, Jimmieson, Bordia, & Irmer, 2007). The perceived quality of information offered greater chances for a successful initiative. This is more or less intuitive. So then, what is the best way to provide good quality information? Fortunately for LC, the mechanism is already in place. The coalition set up for LC will serve an instrumental role in developing, analyzing, and disseminating information to the rank and file employees at LC. However, it should be pointed out that the initial selection of coalition team members may prove to be one of the most important aspects of the change initiative. Poorly selected, unqualified or otherwise circumspect individuals who â€Å"leech† their way onto a planning and implementation team such as this one, tend to force more attention onto their own needs rather than on the needs of the organization. A further refinement is in order, however. What must be understood is the observation that employees tend to react differently to quality information based on its source. The reason for this apparent discordant phenomenon has to do with employees perceiving communications emanating from senior management as one way- not two way. One way communication channels do not allow the employee to ask questions. Two way channels offer two way communication. Therefore, the most ideal make up of the coalition team should be senior management as well as supervisors. Proceeding further, it should also be understood that the overall make up of the coalition should consist of experts contributing information appropriate to their expertise. Certainly, a coalition of change agents in a hospital setting, for example, would not do well if we included the landscaping staff whose contribution would be marginal at best to a positive outcome relating to decreasing mortality rates within the institution. In conclusion, trust in management is one of the most important contributing factors when considering the likelihood of resistance to change. To enhance trust, management should form a coalition of experts as well as line supervisors for the purpose of putting forth accurate information. The strategic initiative for LC is to promote a change in how the organization conducts its business. Sweeping changes are proposed which will resonate within all areas of the organization. Immunity from inclusion is unlikely even for the most obscure, entrenched employee. Change will re-define how LC presents its service delivery model to both internal and external clients. In order to garner support for change, LC must communicate to the employees what is being done and why. The company must offer an opportunity for a two way dialogue in order to circumvent employee cynicism. There are specific well orchestrated reasons for selecting the various team members. For example, all the major operations divisions should be represented since whatever is implemented will have far reaching effects on every division of the organization. The change initiative will determine how each division is accountable to the overall mission of the organization. Developing a vision for change is an important step for the change agent to engage in. Without clarity, it is unlikely that change will occur successfully. References Allen, J. , Jimmieson, N. L. , Bordia, P. , & Irmer, B. E. (2007). Uncertainty during organizational change: Managing perceptions through communication. Journal of Change Management, 7(2), 187-210. Burke, W. (2002). Organization Change: Theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Moran, J. W. , & Brightman, B. K. (2001). Leading organizational change. Career Development International, 6(2), 111-118. Scheck, C. L. , & Kinicki, A. J. (2000). Identifying antecedents of coping with an organizational acquisition: A structural assessment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 627-648. Weeks, W. A. , Roberts, J. , Chonko, L. B. , & Jones, E. (2004). Individual readiness for change, individual fear of change, and sales manager performance: An empirical investigation. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 24, 7-17.

Upsr, Pmr and Spm Should Be Abolish

In June 2010, the Minister of Education Muhyiddin announced the probability of UPSR, and PMR examinations being abolished. With the ever changing policies from the Ministry of Education every time the minister changes,(Kheru,2011) this news came as a no surprise. But the main issue still remains intact. It is not just the UPSR, and PMR, but should we just abolish the whole three main examinations, UPSR, PMR, and SPM?Even though examinations makes students focus in their studies, and can differentiate, whether they should be in the arts stream or in the science stream, these examinations only restricts creative thinking because it makes the students study only for the sake of passing the examinations and students do not study anything other than the topics that will appear in the examinations. The first argument that the anti-abolishment poses is that the students can focus in their studies with the UPSR, PMR and SPM examinations. However, students can still focus on their studies wit h the normal semester tests and yearly examinations.The normal examinations will be more effective because it will keep the students on their toes because they do not only have one test to pass but a monthly/ yearly tests/ examinations. It will actually make the students take examinations more seriously because the examinations would be treated as a long- term assessment. (Murali, 2012) For example, every month we have a simple test just to check the progress of the students, then before the first semester break and the year-end break, conduct an examination. It is just like our current system, just without the UPSR, PMR and SPM.The next argument stated by the anti-abolishment is that the examination is the only way the school can differentiate the students that will go to science stream or arts stream (Fared, 2010). But, with the long-term assessment, the teachers would know what suits them most through the results of the exam. The students talents will show in the results, whether they are more suited for science stream or art stream. The teachers will play an important role in the selection of students because it is them that have the most contact with the students.They should be able to tell whether the students are more suitable in science or arts. For example, if a student’s results shows that she excels at math and science, then he/she is suited more in the science stream but if a student shows continuous problems in science and mathematics, then he/she is probably not suited for the science stream. Thirdly, the anti-abolishment stated that the teachers will start being lazy if the three main exams are abolished. (Fared, 2010). With the long-term assessment, the teachers’ job will be more than enough.The teachers would need to pay attention to the students’ growth more closely because the students’ potential will be gauge only by the teachers so that to determine whether their abilities belong in the science or arts stream. T he tests and year examinations will make sure the teachers teach the students properly by completing the syllabus on time. The teachers also have to conduct other activities to fully gauge out the students potential and further develop their creativity and self-confidence with activities which makes them to be more outgoing and open-minded.Personally I think that the three examinations (UPSR, PMR and SPM) will result in the students to lack personality and creativity, and will not be qualified enough to fulfil future careers. The exam-oriented education system distorts motivation and learning by overemphasising the importance of scores as outcomes and measures of students' abilities. (Murali, 2012) This statement could not be more true, as there are many students which have excellent scores but their soft skills, like public speaking and presenting their own ideas and arguments, are largely lacking.Moreover, students lack the confidence to correct the teachers if the teachers are wr ong. According to Murali, in the article ‘GOOD scores, no life skills, â€Å"In my classes, students do not dare to talk with me because of the lack of confidence and intellect to justify arguments. † They are used to having blinding faith in authority, which are the teachers and the textbooks. They would not even think that the teachers or the textbooks could be wrong.Resulting in them being too dependent on the teachers and are not willing to do more than what they had done in class. To sum it up, despite the fact that examinations makes students focus in their studies, and can differentiate, whether they should be in the arts stream or in the science stream, we should keep in mind that these examinations only hampers creative thinking because it makes the students study only for the sake of making the grade the examinations and students do not study anything other than the topics that will appear in the examinations.We should take the education system of countries li ke US, Australia and the European Union as a reference because their system provides the students the opportunities to improve many types of their intelligence. The students are encourage to be creative, free-thinking, more tolerant and open-minded person. ( Kheru, 2011) Countries like China, Japan and Korea have already started to make a changes in their education system, albeit slowly. So, when are we going to start? Or are we still going to stick with the system that was created when we were still colonised by the British?

Tourism system Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tourism system - Assignment Example 3. Build comprehensive and well organized tourism park that will satisfy the needs of tourists while ensuring that the economic returns are used to benefit the local community as well as contribute towards the maintenance of the wider system. 4. The roads in the area will be developed to make the area accessible from other areas of the country. Development of these roads will enhance public transport as well as private transport. This will be done in consideration of the environments so that it may not have negative impact on the immediate environment. 6. The developments will be done with respect to the immediate environment such that they will complement rather than detract it. They should be designed in a manner that they will have positive impact upon the landscape, the historical setting and upon ecology. Sterling Bay’s tourism product should include activities in which tourists can participate, good infrastructure, tourists’ security, and other services. All these are attainable because the natural environment is appealing, the local community is friendly and has a well developed culture, and has a stable political environment. These are the success factors that are key to easy implementation and development of tourism in the area. Sterling Bay has nature attraction sites which include underground caves and marine parks. To complement these, this plan suggests a range of other facilities which include a golf course and arenas for beach volleyball. For the tourists who enjoy special qualities of the landscape, Sterling Bay has a hill, a forest, and limestone caves. Clean water is ideal for recreation and tourism industry because it accentuates aquatic ecosystems such as coral reef and limestone caves such as the ones along Sterling Bay beach, and beautiful beaches. Water has a powerful attraction to human beings such that when they are planning for vacations and holiday getaways, they have a tendency to head towards the

Privatisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Privatisation - Essay Example Changes in ownership are most directly associated with changes in control. (Commission on Public Private Partnerships, 2001) In principle, privatisation programmes involve a fading in control applied by the state and a shift of control to private investors. It is this aspect of privatisation that is the most significant to East European countries that consider the exclusion of state control as a primary goal. Finance Private capital sectors have not been an essential foundation of funding of privatized ventures. Allegations to the effect that public-sector assets were sold too inexpensively are basically pointless. Information Privatisation plans have promoted the particular identification of the public-good aspects of state ventures. Performance has noticeably enhanced where competition has been introduced. The UK privatisation plan often failed to make out opportunities for commencing competition. Stand-in competition through standard comparisons is a poor substitute for actual competition. Nevertheless, even where competition has been restricted or missing there have been momentous enhancements in efficiency. The information expressed by stock-market prices has been significant in observing performance and developing managerial incentives. Control Investment markets have applied diminutive control over privatized organizations either by means of the threat of invasion or insolvency. The power of both nation and trade groups has been considerably shortened by privatisation. The controller has replaced the state as the one most prevailing external framework. Supervisory control is unproductive, unsuccessful, and unreasonably high-priced. More than last ten years the agenda of privatisation in England has transformed both the figure and the... Private capital sectors have not been an essential foundation of funding of privatized ventures. Allegations to the effect that public-sector assets were sold too inexpensively are basically pointless. Privatisation plans have promoted the particular identification of the public-good aspects of state ventures. Performance has noticeably enhanced where competition has been introduced. The UK privatization plan often failed to make out opportunities for commencing competition. Stand-in competition through standard comparisons is a poor substitute for actual competition. Nevertheless, even where competition has been restricted or missing there have been momentous enhancements in efficiency. The information expressed by stock-market prices has been significant in observing performance and developing managerial incentives. Investment markets have applied diminutive control over privatized organizations either by means of the threat of invasion or insolvency. The power of both nation and t rade groups has been considerably shortened by privatization. The controller has replaced the state as the one most prevailing external framework. More than last ten years the agenda of privatization in England has transformed both the figure and the temperament of the public-enterprise division. As the inspirations and incentives of these strategies have been both multiple and changing eventually, a vital concern has associated to the effectiveness of public organizations.

Introduction to macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction to macroeconomics - Essay Example A single estimate is then derived and published as the official estimate of GDP. There are two ways to measure the GDP, Real and the Nominal. Every country uses estimates of GDP in real terms as the international standard to measure growth in an economy. It is essential to follow a common standard so as to allow meaningful comparisons between different economies. United Kingdom follows the international conventions and European Union guidelines. This paper examines the GDP as a metric for measuring the health of an economy. It begins by analysing the distinction between the real and the nominal GDP and then goes on to elucidate the voids in using GDP as a sole quantifier of national economy. It then suggests other alternatives and gives the relative merits of using other systems to access the state of national economy of any country. The GDP of every economy tends to rise over a period of time. ... The real GDP is the value of the GDP at constant prices using a given base year value. It excludes any inflation and reflects the changes purely in volume terms; thus giving the actual level of economic activity. It is estimated using chained volume measures. The nominal GDP gives the value of GDP at current prices, prices for which year the GDP is taken. Growth in nominal GDP reflects the effects of inflation, as well as real GDP growth .It reflects change in value terms. For example to calculate the value of 1999 nominal GDP, we will sum the value of all expenditures in 1999, using the prices that prevailed then. The real GDP would be calculated by taking the sum of the values of all the expenditures in 1999, but using the prices that prevailed in the base year (2003). When the economists need to quantify inflation they take the ratio of nominal to real GDP, and take its percentage. This then is called the GDP deflator. A Time Series data of nominal and real GDP. Year GDP at current market prices (millions of pounds) GDP at constant (2003) market prices (millions of pounds) GDP Deflator (index 2003=100) Population (in millions) 1990 558,160 814,956 68.49 57.237 1991 587,080 803,892 73.03 57.439 1992 611,974 805,699 75.96 57.585 1993 642,656 824,085 77.98 57.714 1994 680,978 859,566 79.22 57.862 1995 719,747 884,748 81.35 58.025 1996 765,152 909,102 84.17 58.164 1997 811,194 936,717 86.60 58.314 1998 860,796 968,040 88.92 58.475 1999 906,567 997,295 90.90 58.684 2000 953,227 1,035,295 92.07 58.886 2001 996,987 1,059,648 94.09 59.113 2002 1,048,767 1,081,469 96.98 59.322 2003 1,110,296 1,110,296 100.00 59.554 2004 1,176,527 1,146,523 102.62 59.834 2005 1,224,715 1,167,792 104.87 60.209 Source : http://eh.net/hmit/ukgdp/ Efficacy of GDP as a

Social Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Social Justice - Essay Example First of all, it is highly important to know about different forms of organizational justice. Distributive justice and procedural justice are two different forms of justice that can be implemented in organizational operational process. Distributive justice generally developed upon several distribution principles. This distributive justice generally has three important elements, such as equity, needs and equality. Equity generally exists when the possible outcomes are proportional to the specific contributors. In terms of equality, the recipients generally receive similar level of result. In terms of needs, the end results or outcomes are proportionate to the needs (Hegtvedt, 2005). On the other hand, procedural justice can be considered as the study subjective evaluation of justice for people considering some specific procedures, whether they are ethical or unethical and fair or unfair. These specific procedures have several key organizational elements, such as interaction, problem solving, decision making, leadership, management and interpersonal dynamics (Tyler, 2005). These two approaches are very much important in the effective operational process of modern day organizations. The organizational leaders, such as CEO needs to develop and implement unique strategies in order to ensure effective organizational within the workplace. First of all, it is highly important to ensure effective leadership style in order to confirm effective workplace environment. Democratic leadership style will help the organizations to ensure effective corporate governance, ethical operational process and workplace diversity. Secondly, adoption and implementation of stakeholder engagement in the strategy development and decision making process will help the organization to increase the motivation level of employees. According to these strategies, the leaders of organizations can ensure effective organizational justice for both employees and employers

Analysis of Police Corruption Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Police Corruption - Research Paper Example The police department is constructed under the constitution and mandated to provide security and ensure all laws of the land have adhered. When the police are engaged in corrupt activities, they break their mandate. In responding to this, corrupt officers are arrested and charged in the court. This has been very effective in ensuring that the officers are responsible for all their actions. Through corruption, the police deny the citizens some rights like the right to protected by a law-enforcing agency. This is clearly stipulated in the constitution. In some corrupt police dealing, they collude with criminal for them to carry out their activities effectively. In covering up their activities, these officers may undertake the arrest of innocent people. This raises questions as to where the security of the citizen could be upheld. This leads to reduced trust in the operations of the police offices. Since the citizens may lack the sound background to bring forth their claims, various hum an rights groups have been on their rescue. They have made it possible for various reforms to be made which has gradually improved the interaction between the police and the citizens (Forst & Dempsey, 2011). Corruption is conducted in the police force in numerous ways. Bribery, which entails the exchange of a benefit between police officers, is the most common form of corruption. This is evident in traffic rules violation and illegal sale of drugs. Though this acts, the police officers propagate crimes rather than curbing it. In response to this, the root causes of the crime have been investigated and various strategies implemented. Since the public promotes the vice through producing bribes, they should be educated on the possible repercussions that may befall on them once they are identified. Therefore, in ensuring that the vice is completely gotten rid of, proper coordination between various stakeholders is necessary. Causes of police corruption Lack of professionalism by police officers in the conduction of their activities is one of the main causes of the increase in corrupt activities.

Dubai Police Department Proposals Essay Example for Free

Dubai Police Department Proposals Essay In order to attain the objectives it is essential to recognize the existing practices in Dubai police department and also in the modern police departments of countries like USA, Germany, UK, Australia etc. This will be done by individual interviews of the officials in Dubai and the through questionnaires from other corners of the world. Primary research will be persistent on personal interviews with Dubai Police department officials that will give an inner view of the present positing and future goals. This will also be a key basis of understanding the indolence for change. This will help in bringing out the indication of the present managed system in Dubai police department organization. Ultimately the clients will help in providing the true print of Dubai Police department’s working and key areas of improvement. Data presented from this research will assist to evaluate the best practices model and the actual working. This will help in indicating the difference and the reason for Dubai police department organization to implement a successful change management. Dubai Police higher officials will be randomly selected with favorable time and place for the interviews to be carried out. Finally the research will be focused on the historical data by looking at the Dubai Police department’s strategy in the past. If any failure or any glitches are to be found in companies strategy they will be pointed in this research. This will help the writer to understand the Dubai Police department’s goals in the past and their implementation process. Bibliography Articles: Garry Wilson (2004) Lessons from the trenches Principles of change. Chartered Accountants Journal, 13(1), pp. 1-5. Pierre Collerette, Robert Schneider, Paul Legris (2001), Managing organizational change -Part one Change in turbulent times, ISO Management Systems, pp. 1-8. 45 Woodward, Sally, Hendry, Chris (June -2004), Leading and coping with change. Journal of Change Management, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p155, 29p Michelman, Paul (Oct 2004), Overcoming Change Resisters Harvard Management, Vol. 9 Issue 10, p3, 1p; (AN 15175074) De Jager, Peter. Futurist (Oct 2001), Resistance to Change: A New View of an Old Problem. Vol. 35 Issue 3, p24, 4p, 1bw; (AN 4339215) Pratt, Mary K. , (Jan – 2005) Leading Change Computerworld, 1/10/2005, Vol. 39 Issue 2, p33, 2p; (AN 15636701)

The Present Business Strategy Of Mcdonalds Commerce Essay

The Present Business Strategy Of Mcdonalds Commerce Essay Macro environment includes social and demographic, legal and political process, technological, and environmental factors (Kotler, 2003). The forces in Macro environment have a major impact at the level of industry. Macro environment refers to some external factors which are uncontrollable and effects in decision making of any organisation. Sometimes business has to change their business strategy in the change of macro environment. This change is obvious for large organisation when they are expanding their business nationally and internationally in the line of new operations. In business term it is called PESTEL analysis. In 1890 and early 1990 PEST forces was widely used to identify the future business trends. (John Kew, and John Stredwick, p1). Gerry Johnson etl (p54) also emphasizes that the PEST tools can be used to identify the future trends of business and the impact on organization. As we know that business is continually reacting to changes in the environments in which they operate. This is because a PEST analysis of Political, Economical, Social, and Technological factors will reveal many of the external influences on a business performance Therefore, a PEST analysis is considered as a useful tool for analysing a business and in particular understanding market growth or decline. (Robert J. And Chapman, p-118). PESTEL Factors Political Local, National, Global policies Administrative burden Tax , tax, Tax Political influence, pressure Economical Inflation ,unemployment ,trade GDP, consumption, investment, growth Deregulation Monetary policy, fiscal policy Globalization Social Demographic (national and local)- age, gender, race. Households, education, health Income distribution , expenditure Life style and work, leisure balance Social responsibility and business ethics Technological Information technology, digital electronics New systematic materials New energy sources Micro technologies Biotechnology Cost/benefits, implementation Legal Employment law: health, data protection, race, sex, disability, employment rights, employment relations. Customer law: description of goods, sale of goods, safety of goods Corporate law: company law, fair trading, competition law, surveillance. Eco-environmental Global warming population unsustainable development methodologies and process- farming, nuclear power stake holder power, influence The Impact of Economic and Social environment on McDonalds Corporation: Economic factors All businesses are affected by national and global economic factors. National and global interest rate and fiscal policy will be set around economic conditions. The climate of the economy dictates how consumers, suppliers and other organisational stakeholders such as suppliers and creditors behave within society. Economic factors affect both the business organization and its consumers and customer irrespectively. Increase of interest rate affects a firms cost of capital; exchange rate affects the cost of exporting goods and supply and price of imported goods in an economy. Inflation may provoke higher wage demands from employees and cost. Business will need to understand how to cope with the changes of economical factors. McDonalds collaborates with suppliers to obtain fresh, high quality ingredient for their products and at the same time reducing the cost of food. So dealing with the international suppliers the McDonalds face a lot of economic variables such as currency exchange. An economy undergoing recession will have high unemployment, low spending power and low stakeholder confidence. Conversely a booming or growing economy will have low unemployment, high spending power and high stakeholder confidence. In recent years fast food industry has experienced a fatal affect due to the credit crunch, and we can see the reflection on changing of the menu price. Also the minimum wages of hourly paid employee has been increased which increase the company cost. In the case of McDonalds corporation changing the economical factors could not affect the company strategy. The company that is more recession resistant. They served an extra two million customers a month in 2008 compared with last year. They also offer 4000 new job in these tougher trading time. The UK inflation Rate Annual inflation rates 12 month percentage change The figure above shows the in UK the inflation rate in June, at 1.8 per cent in 2009. We can see that there was also a large downward pressure from restaurants and hotels where prices rose by less than a year ago. In 2008 the global comparable sales increase 6.9%, revenues increased to a record $23.5 billion, and earnings per share rose 17 and 15 percent respectively. In 2009 global comparable sales growth t 3.8%, earning per share rose by 9% respectively. This scenario proves that the company has achieved a satisfactory level success because of better menus, extending the opening hours, renovate restaurants and technology. The economical growth indicates that the recession does not affect the sales growth of McDonald because of their product pricing strategy and the focus on customer needs. Social factors The changes of social factors demand to change the management strategy of the company. Population changes are the one of the vital factors which has a direct impact on organizations. Changes in the structure of a population will affect the supply and demand of goods and services within an economy. Falling birth rates will result in decreased demand and greater competition as the number of consumers fall. Conversely an increase in the global population and world food shortage predictions are currently leading to calls for greater investment in food production. Therefore, organisations must be able to offer products and services that aim to complement and benefit peoples lifestyle and behaviour. If organisations do not respond to changes in society they will lose market share and demand for their product or service. Social culture like values, attitudes, and believes differ from country to country even within the same geographical area can be varied. Social forces affect our attitudes, interests and opinions. Within the UK peoples attitudes are changing towards their diet and health. As a result the UK is seeing an increase in the number of people joining fitness clubs and a massive growth for the demand of organic food. Last year McDonalds was alleged by socially. McDonalds is food is critically commenting because of obesity among the young and children. And other diseases like cardiovascular and cholesterol. The obesity of young people has become a social problem. They add some new food in their menu like, salad, premium salad, fruit beg, and carrot sticks. Considering the future of the business the company and the convenience of customers McDonalds Corporation has taken some initiatives for putting nutritional information for all menu items on the reverse of their tray liners and printing nutritional labelling on the packaging of its food items. The McDonalds Happy meals contain less than 35 percent of calories from fat and 600 calories. PART- B To illustrate the question the Part-B we need to understand and emphasis on several thing which help to make a strong business strategy like market research. Market research can provide authentic the information which will be present strength for the organization and help to avoid future environmental threat. In the competitive business markets McDonalds faces competition from other businesses. Additionally, economic, legal and technological changes, social factors, the retail environment and many other elements affect McDonalds success in the market. To identify the business position and its strengths and weaknesses need to do market research. Market research identifies these factors and anticipates how they will affect peoples willingness to buy. Market research considers everything that affects buying decisions. It can be the psychological factors or product itself. As the economy and social attitudes changes customers buying patterns. McDonalds corporation needs to identify whether the numbers of targeted customers are growing or shrinking and whether their buying habits will be changed in the future. In some cases psychological factors are important, e.g. what image does the product give or how the consumer feels when purchasing it. These additional psychological factors are significantly important to the customer. They can be even more important than the products physical benefits. Through marketing, McDonalds establishes a prominent position in the minds of customers. The influence of Macro environment especially on global business organization is significant to change its business strategy and the change of its operations. Macro environment also hold the control of future business decision making. The influences of economic and social environment are the major factor for a business organisation to change its business infrastructure. In recent years the fast food industry has faced a fatal an economic recession and still it has an impact on some business organisation. The overall sales goes down worldwide, some organization could not create new job opportunity at all. If we look at the history of McDonalds Corporations we will find that that in 2008 the global comparable sales increase 6.9%, revenues increased to a record $23.5 billion, and earnings per share rose 17 and 15 percent respectively. During the time of recession the company was operating their business successfully. Also they created 4000 new job opportunity where as other company has to cut down their employee to reduce their cost. For example, McDonalds retained a 33% stake in the Pret A Manger. Economy is the vital factor for technological advancement of a country. If the country is economically stable than they invent new technology an introduce it to facilitate the business activities internally and externally. McDonalds corporation is economically table and doing their business in developed countries and the choice of the customer of those countries, taste and life style, behaviour has been considered consciously to reach the success of the business. The organization has already used technology on till operation and production. In UK restaurant handheld communication devices are already being used to take orders and minimise the queuing times in 500 of McDonalds UK restaurants. They have a plan to use in some 561 drive-thru restaurants BT Open zone Wi-Fi hotspots to attract travelling business people. In the US, wireless communication system in 400 restaurants in four cities attracted new, mainly older users. Touch screen TVs will be piloted in 10 restaurants during the first quarter in 2008. Internet terminals and PlayStations are likely to be introduced this year. McDonalds corporation introduce the modern technology to create more customers and uphold their branding image even in the fatal recession time. To create a more stable position in business market In January 2008, McDonalds started verifying its prices across the country depending on local economic conditions. In this the company increased some food prices in order to compensate for higher wholesale food costs. McDonalds Corporation is also socially concern. As their business operation is linked each other they can focus on local customer choice. To attract the customer and make McDonalds more appealing they are refurbishing and decorating its restaurants. Considering the local tastes they have redesigned 2000 restaurant with casual dining and coffee shop. New staff uniforms are being introduced in 2008, designed by Bruce Oldfield. The refurbishment and creating new image of McDonalds has been possible because of good turnover of business. McDonalds is most popular recognised brand in fast food world. When they intrude in a new business market in new country they must comply with the government policy, keep pace with the political unrest and other political barriers. As McDonalds business strategy is to focus on customer needs and satisfy their needs, they try to provide their best service according to the taste, choice of the people of the country. They also consider the religious value norms and customer attitudes of the customer. For example, in some Muslim country they serve Halal food to the customer. McDonalds void the plastic condiments beg and committed to use environment friendly packaging and recycle it is good decision to protect the balance of environment. In 2008, McDonalds announced that of its Sheffield restaurants have been using a biomass trial that had cut its waste and carbon footprint by half in the area. In addition, in Europe, McDonalds has been recycling vegetable grease by converting it fuel for their diesel trucks. Conclusion The influence of Macro Environment in a specific business organisation is a continuous matter and thus it is obvious that McDonalds restaurant is within its effect in marketing decision making. Despite this tough environment, McDonalds delivered another exceptional of growth, posting strong sales and increased market share around the world. In 2009, global comparable sales increased 3.8 percent. Earnings per share for the year increased 9 percent to $41.11, while consolidated operating income increased 6 percent. According The CEO of McDonalds corporation gladly said there is nothing profound about our plan to win. It essentially identifies the five core divers of our industry-leading owner/ operators, world-class suppliers and talented, experienced employees around initiatives that drive results. Following the marketing strategy of McDonalds it is highly visible that economical and social factors played significant role among the other Macro environmental components. McDonalds has successfully overcome the economic recession and social obligation and gained technological advancement. Though recently government has become strict to provide permission the marketing of fast food restaurant because of the health related issues but McDonalds Corporation has overcome those issues and boost their business in the competitive business market.