Cultural Assimilation In Hemmingway And The Power Of One Essays

Cultural Assimilation in Hemmingway and The Power of One Cultural Assimilation in Hemmingway and The Power of One Throughout the world, there are many diverse cultures, each of these distinct cultures have different backgrounds, rituals and practices. These cultures have a profound effect on the minds of their inhabitants. It's a person's culture which effects their thoughts, beliefs and their outlook upon life. It doesn't matter where you are from or where you go to, you always have a piece of your culture with you wherever you are. It is your cultural heritage's and background which molds your mind, and your thoughts of how you perceive the world around you. In every culture different aspects of the society are viewed differently. Some cultures share similarities with other cultures about how they view things. In many cultures sports plays a key role in the society, and many times the whole community is based around the sports. No matter where you are from, sports will always play a role in the society. Many times in literature you can t ell where the setting is or where the author is from by the way the community or society in the literature view sports. If you look at the literature that authors produce and where they are from, you will notice a common trend in all of their work. The cultural heritage of the writer affects the perspective in which they write from or about. The cultural heritage affects the writers perspective in many different ways, among them are stereotypes and the setting of the story and the everyday activities that the character go through. Two prime examples of how an authors cultural heritage affects the perspective that they write from is the South African author Bryce Courtenay and the American author Ernest Hemingway. Bryce Courtenay was born and raised in South Africa and received his early education there. He spend the majority of his adolescent life in South Africa and in his final year in Africa he spent it in the copper mines of Central Africa, before he moved to England to complet e his education.1 Courtenay spent his early life in Africa, and the African culture had a profound affect him. His time in the copper mines also had a penetrating effect on him and it is visible in his writing, when he wrote about the mines in Africa. In the book The Power of One, Courtenay writes form the perspective of a young British boy in South Africa which shows how cultural heritages affects the writers perspective. It is apparent that the prejudices had a astonishing affect on Courtenay, especially with the hatred between the Boers, Blacks and the British. Because of the hatred going on in South Africa at the time of his growing up and even today, you can sense a tone of racism in his writing. "Please, Meneer, he hates kaffirs (blacks) just like you."2 Frequently in the book the black are referred to kaffirs and other derogatory terms. Through the years, because of wars and other disagreements the Boers have come to hate the British, and vice versa and the Blacks in souther n Africa have always been hated ever since the white Europeans arrived. This hatred started between the British and the Boers when the British first came to Africa during the slave trade. The Boers from Europe, had migrated to Africa for freedom, freedom of religion and of the prejudices that they faced in Europe. There was peace between the British and the Boers until the Boer republics were found to be rich in diamonds and gold. Fortune hunters, mostly British, poured in to stake claims,3 which belonged to the Boers. That is when the tension increased. Soon after was the Boer War, and since then there has been a great amount of tension and hatred between the British and the Boers. "...he stopped halfway down the alley and shouted in Afrikaans, 'I'll get you back for this, you rooinek (redneck, a derogatory term for the English) bastard.'"4 Time and time again in the book you can feel the tension and hatred between each of the groups in South Africa. Another area of his culture that is present in the

Proposal to help fight against domestic violence in Pocatello, Idaho

Proposal to help fight against domestic violence in Pocatello, Idaho Domestic violence is a problem that is prevalent in the American society and latest statistics show that it is running out of control. Therefore effort must be made to stem the spread of this vice which has now been declared a criminal offence.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Proposal to help fight against domestic violence in Pocatello, Idaho specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While statistics explain the extent to which this social vice has been ingrained in the society, the social vice is having a number of effects. It problem has been declared as a criminal offence as well as a social and health issue. It affects men, women as well as children in equal measure. Women and children however are the largest number of victims of domestic violence in America (Hayward, Steiner and Sproule para 1). The offence includes the physical attacks, psychological torture, economic manipulation as well as sexual abuse and harassment . These abuses have both short term and long term effects and leaves the victim in a poor emotional, social and even economic state (para 2). Furthermore those victims abused by an intimate partner tend to have more emotional, mental and physical consequences than those who that are victims of attacks from strangers. There have been attempts to record statistic on the occurrence of this crime by state. In Idaho alone, it has been reported that about 6177 domestic violence incidences occurred in the year 2009. This is a worrying statistics and shows that at least 17 cases happen every 24 hours (Laird para 1). As such, the family, which is the basic unit that forms the society, is bearing the brunt of this social vice. Therefore there is need to intensify the fight against domestic violence. Several programs have been put in place to stop the vice. This includes jail terms for offenders, legal fines, restrictions and incarceration. Other programs include behavioral and attitudinal mod ification for the offenders (Hayward Steiner and Sproule para 4). However this seems not to be enough. More partners such as corporate organization need to be engaged in activities that involve the sensitization of the society at the family level. Therefore Walmart has organized a sensitization program in Pocatello, Idaho. Solution Having realized the need to involve the family unit in dealing with this vice, Walmart has organized a sensitization program that will involve the education of whole family to increase awareness on the issue.Advertising Looking for essay on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Walmart will team up with like minded companies and corporate organizations, in the organization of the event that has been dabbed â€Å"Walmart Stands Up Against Domestic Violence.† The purpose of the vent will be to involve the family in several ways. During the event all family members in cluding children will be encouraged to engage in positive dialogue at home as a way of enhancing peace and constructive domestic conflict resolution (Daya para 3). This will help avert situations that would degenerate into domestic violence. The family unit will also be educated about the gross effects of the vice and the possible counter effects. Each family member will also be sensitized on the roles they should play as individual’s at home and even in the society to avert the crisis. Most importantly attendants will be given useful information on groups that they can turn to for help should they fall victims to domestic violence. The event organizers will also have session’s where people are informed of the legal options available in the state of Idaho that deals with domestic violence. Lastly, attendants will be educated on how to identify traits and signs in their partners and take cover before they fall victims. There are several business communities that will be involved in the event. They are Family Service Alliance, Ridleys Family Markets and Rose Park Aquatic Complex. Each of these will have specific roles they will play in making the event a success. Family Services Alliance will provide information and education services for attendants. While Rose Park Aquatic Complex will organize parallel recreational and entertainment activities such as swimming and face painting for children, the parents can use that opportunity to visits family services alliances stands and get useful information about domestic violence (Daya para 2). Educators will provide and use such educational, materials such as brochures and posters. These two materials contains condensed information, while booklets, information guides and reports are a bit detailed and will be used for further learning and reference (OPDV para 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Proposal to help fight against domestic violence in Pocatello, Idaho specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The organization will also organize open forums for adults with the intention of getting the public opinion on the vice and possible methods to eliminate it. Rose Park Aquatic Complex will play the host and has volunteered to provide the following services during the three day event. They will provide catering for volunteers, and participating teams free of charge but will also set up a temporary cafà © for family snacks. The host will also provide recreational facilities such as swimming competition for children, face painting as well bouncing castles. There will also be adult fun events such as tag of war. Ridley Family Markets will provide support staff that will be very handy in coordinating the event. It will also provide refreshments and snacks offer to transport volunteers to and from the venue. Benefits The benefits of this event cannot be quantified as there would be no proper mechanism for that. However, there will be certain achievement that can be identified at the end of the event. Most importantly, the event, being held for three days, will increase awareness of the problem in the Pocatello, Idaho community (Lehmann para 3). This is because part of the training will involve statistics of the nature and trend that the vice assumes. The participants will also be encouraged to share the information during the event with any person who they know is a victim of domestic violence. This information will include contact for support groups for such victims. The event organizer will also importantly gather public opinion and knowledge on the vice, which will be use in further developing educational materials for future events. The event has also established mechanism for any participant who wants to share information in confidence. Such will include participants who want to share persona experiences or reveal names of possible victim they are aware of. Should such people be identified follow up wil l follow with the aim of linking them with relevant support groups. Most importantly the event organizers have organized dramatized scenarios that highlight the importance of dialogue in resolving family conflict. In addition to these benefits, the participating business organizations will benefit greatly from such social events. They will have an opportunity to team up together and show concern for the community. Such community involvement will enhance the businesses’ publicity that will improve the companies’ public image and popularity.Advertising Looking for essay on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover the vent will be used by Walmart to prove that it embraces fair competition from small business such as Ridleys. Walmart will also use the event to market its promotion that is offering discounted family packs such as breakfast, sanitary, laundry as well as soft drinks for the local Pocatello community in its local outlet. Cost Analysis The following is the break down of the costs for the three day event: US$ 5000 for renting Rose Park Aquatic Complex recreational facilities like swimming pools, bouncing castles and swings US$ 2000 for refreshments for volunteers US$ 4000 For advertising and printing educational materials US$ 1000 for paramedics, security and firefighting services US$ 500 for hiring portable restrooms The grand total budget for the vent is US$ 12500 Conclusion Domestic violence is real and happens to common people every day. It is a vice that should not be tolerated because it is the violation of human rights the supreme constitution seeks to uphold. Stat istics prove that more people than imagined are victims of such heinous acts. As such there is need to involve the family by the way of helping it acknolwged that the problem persist and that it’s the family that stands to loose. Sensitizing the family will involve the corporate world. Companies will thus get this opportunity to show that they care for the family unit and by being involved business organization will prove that they are concerned about the social welfare and development of the family. Walmart will as use this event to show that it cares for the family by running a parallel promotion that offers family goods at a discount to the local community. This will boost the organizations public image. DAYA. â€Å"Daya’s â€Å"One Voice† Initiative During Domestic Violence Awareness Month.† Indo American News. 2010. Web. Hayward, Karen., Steiner, Susan and Sproule, Kathy. â€Å"Womens Perceptions of the Impact of a Domestic Violence Treatment Progr am for Male Perpetrators.† Med Scape Today. 2007. Web. Laird, Darien. â€Å"Pocatello Aims To Halt Domestic Violence: Family Services Alliance Kicks Off Awareness Month Activities†. Local News. 2010. Web. Lehmann, Christine . Campaign Vows to Raise Awareness of Domestic Violence. Psychiatric News. 2001. Web. OPDV. â€Å"Publications Public Education Materials.† 2010. Web.

Kiva Microfinance and the Future China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kiva Microfinance and the Future China - Essay Example The major challenge faced by Kiva microfinance is the emergence of other organizations that deal in similar same services it offers. Government policies had been established to permit loan granting organization leading to business competition. This calls for vigilance on how Kiva invests their money or grant loans. The sole reason for the establishment of many loans granting corporations is to help the country grow economically (Sinclair, 36). These have allowed lender borrow a large amount of money as compared to other days. This is because the law charges the same interests between 3,000 and 10,000 thus lenders give out large loans so as to get high interest in return. The setback has resulted in irresponsible money lending with Kiva since it is not logical for a poor person to borrow one million to start a business because there is no guarantee that the money will be refunded. It is noted that 20% and below of the money given out as loans serve the rural population whereby it is t he farmers and small scale business people who benefit a lot from this micro-finance organization. In conclusion, a lot of development is expected in Kiva microfinance to help the eradication of poverty globally. Kiva micro-finance is working with various nations to ensure that people are encouraged and taught some of the basic enterprenual concepts. Due to the population increment, Kiva aims at providing loans to the jobless to help avoid an increase in criminal cases. Loans help those with enterprenual skills meet some of the long-term goals.

Memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Memo - Essay Example rts inadvertently, found out from the Academic Support office about her illness and since then kept on taunting her and publicly disgracing her in a class comprising approximately seventy (70) students. Meanie referred t her as â€Å"†¦a moron and the most brainless, dim witted person I’ve ever met. By the end of the fifth(5th) week Ms. Jones could take it no more and had no other option but to quit school. Unfortunately she had to leave her studies and let go of long cherished, childhood dream of becoming a lawyer because in the words of professor Meanie threatened to flunk her. In order to give full attention to her studies she left her a reasonably good paying job as a paralegal. After leaving her studies she again sought the old job but the positioned was filled up, so she had to work under another attorney Ms Bea Aach, a hard task master, and as inconsiderate if not more than her professor. These factors lead to further deterioration in her mental and physical health, so much so that she was hospitalized. Consequently Ms. Jones resigned from this job. As of present Ms. Jones, earns her meager income by writing abstracts. Because of her ill-treatment first at the hands of the Professor at LCLC and then while working under Ms. Bea Aach, her mental health has been badly affected. And a perfectly able young woman with a lot of potential because of the ignorance and mal-treatment of her professor and later the inconsiderate attitude of her employer is suffering as her malady has increased manifold. Initially when she gave up her studies and later had to give up her job as well, she had recurring nightmares and had sleeping problems. Now he does not suffer from nightmares but she has sleep disorder. And because of her bad experiences in the past she is reluctant to get treatment Previously she had a normal social life but now owing partly to her economic problems and the inconsiderate behavior of the people around her she is reduced to a wretch and a recluse.

Suburban Sprawl (Environmental Issue) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Suburban Sprawl (Environmental Issue) - Essay Example These hazards being talked about refer not to only to body health issues but a rapid jump in mental health issues, prompting the former vice president of the U.S Al Gore to comment that the urban spread is like â€Å"cookie-cutter monster.†(Brooking Inst, 1998). While supporters of urban lifestyles contend â€Å"consumers prefer lower density neighborhoods and that sprawl does not necessarily increase traffic.† (Moore, Henderson, 1998). Nevertheless there is evidence that urban sprawl is one of the primary contributing factors to the specter of inner city degeneration. By pulling economic resources out of communities that are already existing and diffusing it into new and unconnected developments away from the current core, older communities get neglected and are led to ruin. These new developments are subsidized heavily to create newer roads, water and sewer infrastructure, new schools and enhanced spending on police and fire protection. While urban spread directly inf luences new lawns using ever more water and the use of chemical fertilizers as well as pesticides, it displaces native plants, which have not needed constant watering. It could be concluded that Sprawl wastes tax payers’ money With the population of the world exceeding 6 billion already and progressing toward doubling by the 22nd century, it is estimated that 95% of the new inhabitants of the planet earth will be living in urban areas. When compared to the fact that only 15% of the world lived in urban areas as recently as 1990, the task to manage urban sprawl is both vital and urgent. If not the exponential growth in urban dwellers combined with Socio-economical, geopolitical factors, with the certainty of limited land availability and in -efficient planning is certain to create cities that devour land used for other purposes historically directly influencing equally important aspects such as food security. Combating urban sprawl has two major forms of endeavor both, which i nclude detailed planning. â€Å"The first, the French/British/European tradition, considers urban planning a matter of public health and focuses on strong land- use regulation, public-sector investment, and civic design. The second tradition, born in North America, focuses on zoning and subdivision regulations within a context of strong private property rights† (Calthorpe, 2001)). Peter Calthorpe a New Urbanism thinker and architect illustrates the differences in these two styles by flavoring the European model a more ecological model and the North American planning model a more mechanically motivated model. The European model appears to be the antecedent to the concept called smart growth, and the other of developing efficiencies through zoning. The search for solutions to urban sprawl has given birth to various special-interest groups that promote a concept termed SMART growth at all levels federal, state, and local government. This might look nostalgic with a promotion of return to the city lifestyles of the last two centuries. Living in smaller apartments or smaller land plots with the emphasis on limiting transportation to bicycles or simply walking. Smart growth can be defined as the prevention of urban sprawl through meticulous planning with associated restriction to

The determination of basic long-term goals and objectives of enterprise

The determination of basic long-term goals and objectives of enterprise INTRODUCTION Alfred Chandler a business strategy theorist in the area of business defines strategy as The determination of the basic, long-term goals and objectives of an enterprise, and the adoption of courses of action and the allocation of resources necessary for these goals (Chandler, 1962:13). By White (2004) in a simple definition says Strategy is regarded as a unifying idea which links purpose and action. In that case strategy combines the communication of human goals and the organisation of human activity to achieve those goals. The concept of strategies business organization provides the means for it to generate income and competitive advantage by the persistent development and bringing new products into the market. For companies to be in competitive advantage it has to focus on meeting and supplying products to meet the rapid changing needs of the customers (White,2004) .This proves the reason companies give the idea of new product introduction (NPI) appropriate consideration. New Product Introduction is a project without a guaranteed success but yet an expensive one. The company has to consider the market in which they are competing, the nature of the competition and how their capabilities will enable their products to be successful (White,2004). New Production Introduction generally entails innovation, that involves the modification of an existing product. Innovation is an essential accepts of all New Product Introduction projects and it involves a lot risk taking. New Product Introduction entails creativity, experimentations and analysis, that require a huge amount of finance (Baker and Hart 2007; Allen and Hamilton 1968). In order ways, to achieve a high successful rate in New Product Introduction, we have to manage innovation properly. The New Product Introduction in companies has to adopt a good strategy for the company to achieve a corporate strategic objective. The help of good corporate strategy facilitates the New Product Introduction strategy for an organized business performance (Baker and Hart 2007). A companys organized business strategy entails high creativity of innovation and technological drive with risk engagement. The relationship between NPI strategies and business performance was identified by Copper (2001) with the three points of business new products performance which are; High-quality new product process Resource commitment New product strategy Cooper (2004) establishes that business performance is directly proportional to the introduction of new product performance which is dependent on the strategy employed. Here are list of New Product Introduction strategies that a company could use: The Differentiated Strategy: Differentiated strategy is the process that involves market aggressiveness, high technological approach, and quality price. This Strategy involves a percentage of 15.6% of manufacturing companies. In this strategy the companies are liable to maximize their competitive advantage in the market. Differentiated strategy is said to have a brilliant success rate (Anderson and Smith 2010). The Low Budget, Conservative Strategy: Companies that adopt this strategy usually favour a low RD budget and undifferentiated products (Anderson and Smith 2009). The Technology-push Strategy: The strategy here is pre-occupied with technological development and they lose focus of their market demands. Here, their success rate is fairly average. This strategy is mostly seen within the dot-com companies mostly in the late 90s (Anderson and Smith 2010). High-budget diverse Strategy: High-budget diverse strategy is considered as a high, and unfocussed RD budget. The strategy is related to the technology-push strategy. The Not-in-the-game Strategy: The Not-in-the-game strategy has a careful, favouring low risk, low technology products. Its goal is attained by low product performance. It is concluded that the differentiated strategy provides the most excellent business performance in the market (Anderson and Smith 2010). COMPANY BACKGROUD The Coca-Cola Company is the worlds largest beverage company refreshing consumers with more than 500 sparkling and still brands. Along with coca-cola, recongized as the worlds most valuable brands, including Diet coke, fanta, sprite, coca-cola zero, vitamins water, Powerade minute maid, simply and Georgia coffee. Globally, we are the number 1 provider of sparking beverages, juice and juice drinks and ready-to-drink teas and coffees. COCA-COLA CHINA Coca-Cola China is one of the most well known international brands in china, with a leading position in the soft drinks market. Since re-entering china in 1979, coca-cola has invested more than US$ 2 billion in the local market. By the end of October 2009, china business unit has established a total of 39 bottling plants. MARKET, COMPETITORS AND CUSTOMERS The beverage market is a very competitive one, due to the low barriers to entry, also the tendency of replication is high and the rate of changing trend because of the switch in customer feedback on a exact product is high. NPI STRATEGY The NPI strategy coca-cola used was the differentiated strategy. The new products are brought into the market by knowing what the customer wants in a specific time and place, which enhances a target market. New products could be accomplished by the process of market trend and recognition of a market place. The success rate of a product is achieved by the market target (Graham et al, 1993). The improvement of the new ultra-light bottle is the peak of its size in the Chinese beverage market and has reduced the carbon footprint by 30%. Thereby helping it be an environmentally friendly in the terms of the global green effect, the bottle is designed in a way that it can be simply be twisted and compressed after consumption, in that process it saves more than 70% of the space needed while the bottle makes it way to recycling(Coca-cola, 2010) Shown in Fig 1 is the sustainable packagin Fig 1: Shown is a sustainable packaging MARKET RESEARCH AND PRODUCT CONCEPTS Trott. P(2005) says that new product strategy is part of a web of strategies. It is linked to, and its objectives are derived from, marketing strategy, technology strategy and the overall strategy. During a general market research, coca-cola discovered a target market, within which the consumers required their beverages in bottles no longer in plastic bottles. At the moment, ultra-thin classic contour glass bottle are in demand in the market. The ultra glass bottle has found a clear product idea. PRODUCT DESIGN The new ultra glass bottles are small but still contain the same content. The bottles are 40% stronger, 20 percent lighter and 10 percent less expensive than the traditional contour bottles. The challenges of the new ultra glass bottle were packaged to step up innovation in soft drinks. Packaging to bring the latest technology. PRODUCT LAUNCH The new ultra glass bottle was launched in 2000. DIAGRAMOF THE PRODUCT RESULTS Trott, P(2005) says a successful brand combines an effective product, distinctive identity and added value as perceived by customers. Coca-cola china undertook a sustainable packaging rest analysis with its bottling partners to inform new packing solution. We have reduced the glass we use in our packaging by approximately 11,000 tons by adopting ultra glass technology through responsible manufacturing and redesign efforts. CONCLUSION Coca-Cola company china was established to gain competitive advantage and boost their business performance. The author carefully analysed the strategy used in coca-cola for the new production introduction was successful and it was market intensive. According to Miles and Snow the business strategy used by coca-cola was the Defenders. Coca-cola did not only invest in RD and the market research respectively, their strategy path was focused. In the sense that the direction or flow of the decision making were in line with the clearly defined product, target market, processes and resources needed. RECOMMENDATION Before developing an NPI strategy, take into consideration the companys capabilities and most importantly the overall corporate strategy of the company. The use of a product innovation character, said by Crawford (1997:65) as a document that gives the conditions under which an organisation will operate, will be of great benefit to company, because it specifies the objective to be achieved.

Business Presentation :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Business Presentation Techniques for a Perfect Business Presentation Technicalities are all too often to blame for miscues and failures in today’s Business world. How often do you hear about some on not getting a Job because there was a technicality problem with his or her resume? Unfortunately it happens all the time. I plan on presenting the skills and knowledge from start to finish for a perfect business presentation. Listening is not a skill that most people perform well; on average a person listens at only 25% efficiency (Curtis, 1997), making listening even more important to develop this skill. As human interaction goes, listening is the most important skill in communication. So many opportunities are lost by poor listening skills, not to mention losing valuable time. The importance of listening is immeasurable. Listening is a heavy element of communication, speaking well is not worth anything unless the receiver in a conversation listens just as well. Listening is basically a form of comprehension, if you do not listen than you cannot comprehend what is being said. According to a study by J.D. Johnson (1971) found that listening affects the understanding of a problem, the retention and attention of an individual, and the overall moral of the group (p. 297). As a consequence a good listener has more confidence and is able to have a vision of self-promotion. This is especially important in a job interview, and creates a more positive social environment for ones self. People are always more re4spected when they listen and demonstrate a good attention span. Listening habits are gradually and naturally inhibited over our entire lives. According to Curtis (1997) however, most of these acquired listening habits are undesirable (p. 64). They are generally described as second nature, or performed with out thought of even doing so. Nevertheless, they can be overcome by observing the common causes of such ineffective listening. These causes are: Talking rather than Listening, The entertainment syndrome, giving into bias, Uncritical listening, Giving into distractions, fear of difficult material. Most of these are self-explainable, but some are not. The entertainment syndrome for example is a significant one. It includes the basic need for people to be entertained. If such a speaker does not entertain it is easy for us not to give him or her our attention (Curtis 1997).

Discuss ‘Apollo 13’ a space drama, Directed and produced by Ron Howard

Apollo 13 a space drama, Directed and produced by Ron Howard and was made in 1995. It was made to look as realistic as possible without it being a documentary; no original footage from the launch was used, apart from a few embedded images like in the news on TV. Howard used many different techniques to achieve realism: editing, camera angles, special effects and historic words phases and speeches, but before he even started filming he had a good idea of the astronauts backgrounds, the flight plan and the exact events that happened on the mission. He spent a long time with the astronaut Jim Lovel researching the events. Very near the start of the film there is a scene with Gene drinking tea and smoking, this is realistic because it shows a regular man with normal qualities, the stress of the job is getting to him and the tension comes through to the audience. You can tell Howard is trying to keep his characters very normal. Following this is the control room scene where Howard shows different members of the crew and goes through them in turn giving close ups of them. Using a close up shot of the crew members brings forward the fact that they are working hard and again the tension of the launch comes across very strong. The launch was a very realistic part of the film and Howard put a lot of work into it. With the combination of special effects and different camera angles, the shuttle and the surrounding look incredibly real. He starts off with a low angle shot of the shuttle and pans all the way to the top; the special effects come in when it ignites, and the flames from the bottom of the shuttle. As the shuttle starts to shake, the camera moves to a crane shot right on the tip of the shuttle and as the rocket breaks away from the supports the camera spirals down the shuttle just missing the broken parts, this seems very realistic and the dizziness of the spiraling could be recreating what the astronauts are feeling. Throughout the film there is a focus on heroism and patriotism, this is shown at the launch where there is a long shot of about 80 people sitting on a small stadium. There is a highflying American flag above them and the music of dead American military heroes playing. For a lot of American people watching that were around at the time of the original launch, this could be like it was all happening again. The camera then switches to a close-up of the two wives, and their different feelings, one is crying for joy and the other is looking up at the shuttle in amazement. This scene seems very realistic as you could imagine this happening at the real launch, it gives us different points of view from the two different individuals. When the oxygen tank explodes 56 hours after takeoff Howard must use special effects to recreate the explosion, as he cannot film from in space outside of a shuttle, and would have been incredibly difficult to recreate it using the KC135. In this scene and during the film Howard tries to keep it as realistic as possible by using exact phrases from within the film â€Å"Houston, we have a problem† is a very famous one, and by recreating the astronauts exact moves and plans from the original mission. Howard doesn't always use real-time like in the final scene on the countdown to when the shuttle should renter the atmosphere. There is a 4-minute countdown and the first 4 minutes are actually 2, but the last minute is in real-time. I think this is a good idea as at this moment – the climate of the film, the audience are waiting for what's going to happen, there is a lot of tension, and leaving this tension for a whole 4 minutes, it would slowly drift away and the audience would lose interest. One technique used was weightlessness, in many of the scenes Howard needed to have the feel of weightlessness and he was lucky that NASA let him use their aeroplane KC135. This is a normal plane but not like a passenger aircraft, it has no seats and the insides are built to look like that of a shuttle. This plane was taken to huge altitudes and dropped to give the feeling of weightlessness; real astronauts used this in their training. Howard had to get 3 men and a camera crew onto the plane, and film good quality realistic scenes. I feel that this is a major part in the making of he film and the film couldn't be made well without it.

Owned and Operated essays

Owned and Operated essays The conflict position is that social inequality emerges through domination or constraint of one or more groups by other groups. Karl Marx believed the opposite of the functionalist perspective; instead of ideas influencing the economy the economy influences ideas. Max Weber expanded on Marxs view by saying that the economy influences ideas and vice versa. According to Marx, history is a series of conflicts by two opposing groups; the ruling class and the oppressed (respectively, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat). The bourgeoisie own the means of production, while the proletariat work in factories, producing. The proletariat, while being exploited by the bourgeoisie, have false consciousness. In order to overthrow the bourgeoisie, the proletariat must first gain class consciousness (the realization that they are oppressed by the bourgeoisie), then move toward revolution, overthrowing the bourgeiosie. After winning the revolution, there will be a dictatorship of the proletar iat where everyone works, doing what they can, and each receives what they need. Because of this unequal distribution of rewards in society, order is kept by the bourgeoisie (superordinate class) enforcing the rules on the proletariat (subordinate class) and creating rules that benefit the superordinate class. The bourgeoisie is in control of capital, which is stored-up, accumulated labor. The owner keeps this for himself, taking more profit from the workers and supplying fewer workers. Marx followed the critical-conflict paradigm, being distrustful of restraining social institutions. At the base of human societies, he saw class conflict, domination and an emphasis on dynamics and change, revolution being the catalyst for this change. As the main structure of conflict theory, the superstructure is shaped/determined by the substructure, thus, revolution must originate from the substructure. The superstructure has so much power because they r...

Guinn v. United States

Guinn v. United States Guinn v. United States was a United States Supreme Court case decided in 1915, dealing with the constitutionality of voter qualification provisions in state constitutions. Specifically, the court found residency-based â€Å"grandfather clause† exemptions to voter literacy tests- but not the tests themselves- to be unconstitutional. Literacy tests were used in several Southern states between the 1890s and 1960s as a way of preventing African Americans from voting. The unanimous decision in Guinn v. United States marked the first time the Supreme Court struck down a state law disenfranchising African Americans.   Fast Facts: Guinn v. United States Case Argued: Oct. 17, 1913Decision Issued: June 21, 1915Petitioners: Frank Guinn and J. J. Beal, Oklahoma election officialsRespondent: United StatesKey Questions: Did Oklahoma’s grandfather clause, in singling out black Americans as being required to take a voter literacy test, violate the U.S. Constitution? Did Oklahoma’s literacy test clause- without the grandfather clause- violate the U.S. Constitution?Majority Decision: Justices White, McKenna, Holmes, Day, Hughes, Van Devanter, Lamar, PitneyDissenting: None, but Justice McReynolds took no part in the consideration or decision of the case.Ruling: The Supreme Court ruled that residency-based â€Å"grandfather clause† exemptions to voter literacy tests- but not the tests themselves- were unconstitutional. Facts of the Case Shortly after it was admitted into the Union in 1907, the state of Oklahoma passed an amendment to its constitution requiring that citizens pass a literacy test before being allowed to vote. However, the state’s Voter Registration Act of 1910 contained a clause allowing voters whose grandfathers had either been eligible to vote before January 1, 1866, had been residents of â€Å"some foreign nation,† or had been soldiers, to vote without taking the test. Rarely affecting white voters, the clause disenfranchised many black voters because their grandfathers had been slaves before 1866 and were thus ineligible to vote.   As applied in most states, the literacy tests were highly subjective. Questions were confusingly worded and often had several possible correct answers. In addition, the tests were graded by white election officials who had been trained to discriminate against black voters. In one instance, for example, election officials rejected a black college graduate even though there was not â€Å"the slightest room for doubt as to whether† he was entitled to vote, concluded the U.S. Circuit Court. After the 1910 November midterm election, Oklahoma election officials Frank Guinn and J.J. Beal were charged in federal court with conspiring to fraudulently disenfranchise black voters, in violation of the Fifteenth Amendment. In 1911, Guinn and Beal were convicted and appealed to the Supreme Court. Constitutional Issues While the Civil Rights Act of 1866 had guaranteed U.S. citizenship without regard to race, color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude, it did not address the voting rights of former slaves. To bolster the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments of the Reconstruction-era, the Fifteenth Amendment, ratified on February 3, 1870, prohibited the federal government and the states from denying any citizen the right to vote based on their race, color, or previous condition of servitude. The Supreme Court faced two related Constitutional questions. First, did Oklahoma’s grandfather clause, in singling out black Americans as being required to take the literacy test, violate the U.S. Constitution? Second, did Oklahoma’s literacy test clause- without the grandfather clause- violate the U.S. Constitution? The Arguments The state of Oklahoma argued that the 1907 amendment to its state constitution was validly passed and clearly within the powers of the states granted by the Tenth Amendment. The Tenth Amendment reserves all powers not specifically granted to the U.S. government in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution to the states or to the people. Attorneys for the U.S. government chose to argue only against the constitutionality of the â€Å"grandfather clause† itself while conceding that literacy tests, if written and administered to be racially neutral, were acceptable. Majority Opinion In its unanimous opinion, delivered by Chief Justice C.J. White on June 21, 1915, the Supreme Court ruled that Oklahoma’s grandfather clause- having been written in a way to serve â€Å"no rational purpose† other than to deny African American citizens the right to vote- violated the Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The convictions of Oklahoma election officials Frank Guinn and J.J. Beal were thus upheld. However, since the government had previously conceded the point, Justice White wrote that, â€Å"No time need be spent on the question of the validity of the literacy test, considered alone, since, as we have seen, its establishment was but the exercise by the State of a lawful power vested in it not subject to our supervision, and, indeed, its validity is admitted.† Dissenting Opinion As the court’s decision was unanimous, with only Justice James Clark McReynolds not taking part in the case, no dissenting opinion was issued. The Impact In overturning Oklahoma’s grandfather clause, but upholding its right to require pre-voting literacy tests, the Supreme Court confirmed the historic rights of the states to establish voter qualifications as long as they did not otherwise violate the U.S. Constitution. While it was a symbolic legal victory for African American voting rights, the Guinn ruling fell far short of immediately enfranchising black Southern citizens. At the time it was issued, the court’s ruling also nullified similar voter qualification provisions in the constitutions of Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and Virginia. While they could no longer apply grandfather clauses, their state legislatures enacted poll taxes and other means of restricting black voter registration. Even after the Twenty-Fourth Amendment prohibited the use of poll taxes in federal elections, five states continued to impose them in state elections. Not until 1966 did the U.S. Supreme Court declare poll taxes in state elections unconstitutional.   In final analysis, Guinn vs. United States decided in 1915, was a small, but a significant first legal step in the Civil Rights Movement toward racial equality in the United States. It was not until passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that all remaining legal barriers denying black Americans the right to vote under the Fifteenth Amendment- enacted nearly a century earlier- were finally outlawed. Sources and Further Reference Guinn v. United States (238 U.S. 347). Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute.Guinn v. United States (1915). Oklahoma Historical Society.Onion, Rebecca. The Impossible Literacy Test Louisiana Gave Black Voters in the 1960s. Slate (2013).Poll Taxes. Smithsonian National Museum of American History.

H. R. 3 No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion Act Essay

H. R. 3 No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion Act - Essay Example At present, the law allows federal funding to support abortions albeit, in certain critical situations, such as rape or incest or cases where the life of the woman in questions, is in danger on account of complications arising out of pregnancy. The recent change is likely to repeal health care reform and permanently put an end to publicly funded abortion in the U.S. - regardless of whether it is a direct funding or via tax credits or any other similar subsidy. The No Tax Payer Funding for Abortion Act, seeks to restrict the all the public sources of funding such as the health insurance providers (like Medicaid) as well as other private insurers, who will be penalized for offering finance for abortion or other similar reproductive health coverage (Care2, 2011). This No Tax Payer Funding for Abortion Act, is a harsh and extreme measure taken by the pro-life supporters, which could critically damage the opportunities available to women by eliminating all coverage of abortion, including private insurers. This paper discusses the impact of such funding restrictions on women’s health; the role of nursing; and proposes changes by way of recommendations. Statement of purpose The H.R.3 Act seeks to restrict the publicly funded abortions across all states, including the ones funded by private insurers, by levying heavy taxes on those providing finance for such purposes, against the federal regulations. This paper opposes the current amendment and suggests recommendations for change, which are in the larger benefit of the society, and particularly women. Importance of the issue Restrictive funding for abortion is a tricky issue with several far reaching consequences on the social life and health of women. The fact that unplanned / unwanted pregnancies are a matter of serious concern with regard to public health cannot be denied. Various deaths are recorded annually on account of unsafe abortions worldwide leading to the issue being given prime significance in the h ealth policies of nations. The national laws and regulations have a direct and grave impact on women's health, since their access to safe abortions is heavily dependent on the national health policies. About 61 per cent of the world’s population lives in countries who have a safe and unconditional access to abortion while the rest have access to abortions with certain pre-conditions. Studies have shown that restrictive national health related laws, often culminate into issues of inequality, putting the lives of minority populations and women of color into vulnerable situations and at high risk of sexual violence (Crane & Smith, 2006). In countries where funding for abortion is restricted, leads to women turning to unhealthier options, leading to further deterioration of their health and safety. Women who are victims of sexual violence and unwanted pregnancies are liable to receive prompt and safe access to counseling, medical facilities and compassionate services, and any cha nge in the provision of health services, where the laws are made stricter, would lead to a poor and weaker public health system (Levine, 2007). The health of women in dire need of abortion, either for health or socio-economic reasons, will be endangered purely on account of political disapproval of medically essential facilities. It is on account of these reasons that the issue of abortion and

Consulting for Entertainment Weekly Q.4 Case Study

Consulting for Entertainment Weekly Q.4 - Case Study Example In this case, it can be observed that Disney started distributing videocassette and gave Lee the residue amount of 125% as agreed. However, Lee was dissatisfied because she felt that Lee was violating the contract. Disney defended himself by asserting that it is their policy not to allow profit sharing on voice participation deals. In addition, Disney gave evidence from other people who they had entered the contract with to substantiate his argument. Therefore, based on this case it can be observed that Lee was not aware that the agreement allowed Disney to make profits by distributing any other innovation such as cassettes recording. In addition, the contract was aimed at protecting Disney because it gave him absolute right of ownership on the recording (Bouckaert and Boudewijn, p.28). The testimony affects the interpretation of the parties’ intent on entering into the contract in that it violated one of the elements of a valid contract which states that for a contract to be valid there must be an intention of the contracting parties to create a binding relationship. In this case, there was no binding relationship between the two parties. This is because Disney had an absolute right over Lee. In addition, Disney was not willing to create a binding relationship that could have been enforced by the law (Ryan, Daniel, p.8). Ryan, Daniel P. Essential Principles of Contract and Sales Law in the Northern Pacific: Federated States of Micronesia, the Republics of Palau and the Marshall Islands, and the United States Territories. New York: universe, 2005.