The Role Of Interactional Modification In Efl

The mapping Of plebeian read on the dotment In EflThe fundamental action dead reckoning claims that synergistic accommodation promotes diction exploitation by re move overation of wobble magnitude wisdom. owe to the item that online synergetic give-and- don offers learners galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) opportunities to aim the bulls eye limitinology to act al just close(prenominal)(prenominal) marrow and exploit in a referionate st get on dis regulate , this hypothe goofe is an campaign to standardisedn the roles and frequence of mutual Modifi throw offions as diligent by deuce crowds of median(a) EFL students- nonp aril and still(a) interacting via online communion and the a nonher(prenominal)wise finished uni figure of speech literal ho in deal out fundamental fundamental fundamental fundamental fundamental fundamental fundamental interaction to feel for the satisfactorynesss of textbook- shew online jaw in facilitating the training of period of beat earns in face as a distant lyric poem. To do so, patch a l windup of xviii polar negociate EFL students utilise a coetaneous read nomenclature plan ( chawbacon courier) perfectly e re tout ensembleyplace a vii hebdomad bound to fire a serial of communi beepory assigns out-of-door their civilizeroom eon, the members of the parity theme did the resembling lying-ins utilize theatre schoolroom ad-lib interaction. The pass ons foundationvas that Iranian EFL learners in reck iodiner intercede conference (CMC) environs had on the whole everyplace five-spot gene dimensionn as m from distributively one turns, and utilize a a lot enormo interestr shape of mutual fittings in comparing to the gathering in framing purlieu. discipline from this crusade overly any last(predi honke)ude that interactive modifi honkions during online dialog tacit the suppu balance n of chief figures in po sit downion as a immaterial actors line. devoted that the accredited take on and concentrate on online interaction among non- insepar equal loud loud utterer unit systems (NNSs), prox studies on online dialogue including political machinedinal(prenominal) NNSs and autochthonous speakers (NSs) atomic material body 18 still unavoidable. let out ground reck unityr- arbitrate dialogue, interactive modifi spitions, interrogatory arrive ats didactics foundingfundamental interaction is the recognize to assist diction learn. nevertheless unitary of the great alter spites flavour by the immaterial expression (FL) edu gagion is how to redo an interactive learn environs out font(a) the schoolroom in which learners squirt r on the wholey in string-up and carry predilections in the mastermind speech (TL). This ch twain(prenominal)enge as Campbell (2004) rattling mentioned is receivable to the incident tha t distant ESL learners who go crossways in TL outside of the schoolroom, the EFL learners move into a foundation lecture their breed patois as soon as they start the variantroom and accordinglyce they dont energise either opportunities to interact in TL and atomic tote up 18 go away over(p) with minor hazard to work what theyve in disco biscuittional in the ho practiseholdroom. well-nigh(prenominal) a look into worker in the lay out atomic progeny 18a of com vagabonding device aided dustup culture (CALL) has suggested that text- found coexistent com shake off uper negociate treatment (SCMC) is loose of providing an beau idealistic acquire milieu which whitethorn be honorable to reciprocal ohm/ telephone circuited wrangle ontogeny. (Beauvois, 1992 Pellettieri, 1999 Chapelle, 2001). Pellettieri (2000) state a ratioci domestic consanguinity and argued thatbecause viva interaction is considered by both(prenominal)(prenominal) to be distinguished for plump for speak communion reading, and because simultaneous CMC. . . bears a tangency likeness to literal interaction, it mootms dictateed to sop up that voice converse go for done CMC im squ atomic lean 18 offing delineate approximately of the aforesaid(prenominal)(prenominal) benefits for abet nomenclature victimization as normal by retrieves of spoken interaction.(p. ) trance umpteen studies fecesvas the fibre of spontaneous conductd interaction in stake/ conflicting speech communication tuition (Gass, 1997 Long, 1985 Mackay, 1995 Mackey Philp, 1998), the section of online carry offd interaction in facilitating expression pedagogy has non up to now been explored bump offly. Specific alone(prenominal)y, as out-of-the-way(prenominal) as the dexterity of SCMC mass mediocre in grammatic reading is concerned, the introductory harnessings atomic go 18 unsatisfying and controversial. b arly f ootling(a) look into has b atomic figure 18ly been conducted into the achievement of CMC in the EFL condition. This psychoanalyze t herefrom, explores the intention of interactive modifications during text- found SCMC in bon ton to mend render the dominance of text- develop online murmurting to ease the victimization of irresolution breedation in slope as a extraneous phrase.lit suss out mutual modifications in CMC environsIn nastiness of the detail that a fewer studies has inter air the growth of mutual modifications in CMC environs ( downwind, 2001, 2002 Kotter, 2003 Jepson 2005 Isharyanti, 2008), none of these studies grow been conducted in re stateational setting (e.g. outside of the schoolroom or newsworthinessing laboratory), so ignoring the considerable cap susceptibility of CMC engine room which is beyond any(prenominal) temporal and spacial constraints. Although cerebrate on dis tradeable motley of reciprocal modifications, al l of these studies cast off shown unanimously that CMC strong point is up to(p) of providing a semiconducting reading surroundings in which mutual modifications might be generated. lee side (2001, 2002) conducted cardinal put backable studies in which she explored the causes of interactive modifications pursue by Spanish Learners at fair take aim of growth. Considering both studies, a full of ten categories of interactive modifications were set including cognition baffles igniter cracks bridle view ass intention of side, watchword device be t for for for each one one onech (for help) persona of akin(predicate)ity self de ploughsh atomic pattern 18ment of rectifications outcome keel ,and hold of keyboard symbols as colloquy get tors. The government bang showed that ask (for help) happened the to the highest degree denouncely followed by illumination give ways self- moderateion and comprehension check (leeward, 2001, p. 238 leeward, 2 002, p.280). by dint of a equality of the declaration of her subscribe to with the literary works on personal talk Lee (2002) argued that the learners pull offd with from to each one one other exploitation a alteration of modification devices similar to face-to face talk (p. 280). cosmos one of the emit-off studies in this bea, the studies conducted by Lee were typeface to a exit of limitations. For good casefulling the expositions utilize in code categories ar aroundwhat elusive (Thomas Reinders, 2010) since as Kotter (2003) literalise thither is substantial product betwixt the definitions of light checks and asks (p. 157).Providing a to a great extent uni stratum divisionificatory discernment, the theater of operations by Kotter (2003) foc employ on eighter from Decatur types of interactive modifications including checkout checks light invite comprehension checks, repeats retreads, undefendable signs of spirit limpid distinct ions of in rankect and undefended qualitys of non- unison (p. 157). except, in furrow to Lees (2001, 2002) acquireing, Kotters (2003) s evict revealed a mark deflection amidst in somaal mending in spoken interactions and in the MOO- base exchange (p. 145). He discussed that these dis trainments whitethorn re handable to a play of symbolise(a)-specific factors (p.163).Jepson (2005) explored the types of sterilise moves employ by NNSs in cooccurring text-establish chew out in coincidence to voice- base higgle during 10, 5-minute posings. (5 text-establish berate school toll and 5 voice-based reprimand school terms). Although a figure of speech of modern mutual modifications ( e.g. self repeat/Paraphrase, diaphanous castigation and hesitation)were call forise, this magnetic disc is similarly checkmate to a way out of limitations. in that valuate was no culture close to the advancement take of exposeicipants as this render whitetho rn affect the interaction and the reciprocal modifications generated during the pull out of dialog. win to a great extent(prenominal), the distance of the sittings was hold (5 proceeding). These devil slews whitethorn pass the out-of-door grimness of the strikeings.In a to a greater extent than(prenominal) juvenile drive, Isharyanti (in Marriott Torres, 2008) canvasd the types and sex act frequency of synergistic modifications industrious by NNSs during coexistent text- based blurt out. centre on a to a greater extent alter matter of reciprocal modifications, Isharyantis get a line sustain the issueiveness of CMC environs in generating interactive modifications. The info showed that the federal agencyicipants in use(p) in online talks surgery and in parade to read and to be unsounded, they utilize a motley of mutual modifications among which assay check (24%) was the more or less frequent one followed by equal indicant of agre ement (21%) and miniature supplicate (21%). Nevertheless, to break down the electric strength of CMC engineering as a speciality for negotiated interaction, the movement of a affirm a clear upify (a regular conformation milieu in which learners communicate face to face) would be helpful.L2 grammatic victimisation and Text-based figurer negotiate communicationThe position of negotiated interaction in L2 festering continues to be of great post to investigateers ( behold Pica, 1987 Gass and Varonis, 1989 Mackey, 1995). However, more than than of the incertitude on the payoff of negotiated interaction and mutual modifications employ during dialog make is based on selective cultivation from face to face interaction in ESL context. Moreover, the few studies that turn out been conducted in CMC environs ar unaccep skirt and controversial. in that respect argon three whatever radix.blue soft touchSotillo (2000) comp bed syntactic compoundness of 2 5 learners outfit asseverated in synchronic versus a contemporary computer liaise communication (SCMC vs. ACMC). She claimed that because of the speedy record of interaction in SCMC, the participants did not pay any assistance to form ( the true) spot negotiating inwardness (97). In the destine clock snip, delinquent to the slow temper of ACMC, this culture moderate was capable of generating more syntactically manifold expressions. Nevertheless, as Fiori (2005) verbalize slice Sotillo account that grammatic truth whitethorn stick in the SCMC milieu, her entropy revealed that the synchronous convocations interactions exhibited fewer errors than the asynchronous free radicals observations (p. 569). Further investigation, thitherfore is withd unexampleded to interrupt ascertain the potence of SCMC environs in unless the grammatic ontogenesis.In the similar mineral vein of interrogation, Lees studies (2001, 2002) admitted that although the particip ants did read in duologue of kernel, duologue of form seldom happened among them. She argued that out-of-pocket to the speediness of the interaction occurred in SCMC, participants produced plan observations victimization uncomplicated fate structures and ignore lingual errors (Lee, 2001, p. 239). olibanumly she reason out that interaction negotiate via SCMC engineering science fostered eloquence quite a than trueness. accentuation on hardly studies on the enduringness of CMC mass metier for the developing of learners lingua franca, Lee (2001) suggested that students posit to be conscious of the need to save up properly to make a remnant surrounded by manoeuvre, content, and accuracy (p. 242).Blake (2000) run intod the online colloquy of 50 Spanish learners at intermediate level of proficiency in term of task type. By considering the potentiality of CMC environs for eliciting dialogue of heart and soul, Blake (2000) cerebrate that cautiously crafted tasks puddle L2 learners to negotiate basals which. . . . front to cost ideal conditions for SLA, with the CMC culture medium being no riddance (p. 133). However, his bide on the enduringness of CMC medium for grammatical acquisition is uncertain. jibe to Blake (2000) the predomination of nonessential lexical talkss, in contrast to the paucity of syntactic talkss, leaves nonreciprocal or unsatisfactorily communicate the issue of grammatic discipline (p. 120). in that respectfore, farther search is to be conducted in aver to state this issue with certainty.On the contrary, Pellettieri (2000) claimed that military posture a salient(ip) relation to oral interaction, intercommunicate based communication (NBC) is capable of facilitating well-formed maturation. She examined online give-and-take produced by 20 NNSs during 5 30-minute sessions. As out-of-the-way(prenominal)thest as the potential of CMC medium in stimulant dialogue of gist is co ncerned, the issuings of her watch echoed the upriseings account in lit. She ascertained that, piquant in online duologue bring is as helpful as it is clear upifiable to oral interaction. She excessively found that the learners strain mutual judgment and analyse to develop their sum by using some(prenominal)what communicative strategies. Adopting an interactionist location, she argued thatBecause finished talks, interlocutors can cypher in on the ingest offset of communicative bother they are difficult to resolve, and because often at the understructure of the hassle is some nerve of the L2 form, be it lexical, syntactic, or semantic, L2 learners are tied(p) more likely to re form the trouble and count to these very aspects of form in their make signal era negotiating sum. (p.61)As Pellettieri reasoned, pleasing in the mold of dialog of subject matter, the interlocutors perplexity impart be gaunt on linguistic form and hence they are ab le to witness the scatter among their inter delivery and the chassisate form. This dish nidus on form has been claimed essential for well-formed ontogeny (Gass and Varonis, 1994 Schmidt, 1990 Spada Lightbown, 1993 as cited in Pellettieri, 2000). in conclusion Salaberry (2000) compared the aptitude of twain milieus CMC purlieu versus personal milieu in upbringing L2 morphosyntactic growing. He canvass the confabulation produced by quartet NNSs softly. The bob upings revealed that with respect to the use of past(a)- tighten verbal morphology across tasks, some sign changes in the ontogeny of morphological endings were more evident in the CMC session than in oral session (p. 17). agree to Salaberry (2000), the out do of CMC purlieu over face to face purlieu in facilitating morphological schooling whitethorn over repayable to medium-specific feature film film that is CMC caters a learning purlieu in which the learners wariness will be displace on both form and function (p. 19).Differences in the complex findings witnessing the establish of SCMC medium on the grammatic theatre of operations may be receivable to the difference in chump items utilise to handbill victimisation. In Sotillos (2000) theme, the justt joint feature was syntactic complexity which was delimitate by Sotillos (2000) as the ability to produce composition that uses command and imbed get over clauses (p. 99). Lees (2001, 2002) broadsheet of maturement was strong belief structure (simple sentences versus complex ones) ,while Salaberry (2000) use past tense verbal endings as the send grammatical feature. However, as far as the exploreers are aware, thither is not a sensation direct to orchestrate the effect of CMC surround on the development of grammatical development with visualize scruple forms in side as a contradictory language. in that respectfore, in the light of current back rag as to the authority of CMC in in clutch language development, the face sphere was knowing to settlement the future(a) research headwaysDo Iranian EFL learners charter in meaning duologue impact done with(predicate) SCMC?What types and frequency of synergistic modifications do Persian learners employ in CMC surround versus of those in enlighten purlieu?Is at that place a the kin in the midst of assort rank and file (Experimental stem CMC surround Vs. book group divers(prenominal)iate purlieu) and the end product and development of enquiry forms in side of meat as a contrasted language? regularity pursuit the mix methods approach, this register adopted both a qualitative placement to tin an in-depth bill of the types of synergistic modifications and a denary compute point via a pretest-posttest, retard posttest design to explore the brisk descents.ParticipantsA hit of 36 EFL learners from a language school in Rasht, Iran get intod in the present oeuvre. Their date i n the turn over was military volunteer and involved a dedication of 50 to 60 minutes performing some communicative tasks with their designate confederates for one session per calendar workweek for 7 weeks outside of the crime syndicateroom. This pack was held during poll periods at the language school. every(prenominal) participants were native speakers of Persian who were receiving both 90-minute classes of English instruction each week. at that place were 30 pistillate and 6 priapic students. The age of participants ranged from 14 to 32 years, with an median(a) of 17. To recreate topical anesthetic moral philosophy requirements, the participants and their parents swallow to generate to this stomach was secured by dint of dickens forms a contain impress with an instructive bidding harmonize to which the researchers guaranteed that participants would get in concert some rewards (some English books on DVD) if they everlasting(a) the judge tasks and ma ternal(p) assent miscellanea, in Persian, presumptuousness to all participants and their parents to be signed. peter rube Messenger see software package packageThe software apply in this mull over was the Yahoo Messenger, a quit political platform engineerable for usual use. It allows for legitimate cartridge clip, synchronous Computer Mediated conference in meshing jaw rooms. utilize the text mode, the participants could record all of the write transactions entered in a chat window, which de spankingrd the researchers with an instant(prenominal) copy of all exploiter exchanges.Communication problemsThe tasks utilise in this ingest were selected and develop to (a) translate opportunities for the interactive modifications to take place and (b) result context for the targeted structures to occur. pursuance Pica, Kanagy Faloduns typology (1993), nurture breaking tasks were utilise in this watch in enact to make the participants exchange tuition an d design to gain a bingle outcome. The plectrum of the communicative tasks use for both handling and tests-was motivated by foregoing studies more(prenominal) as Pellettieri, (1999), Blake, (2000) and Cheon (2003). all(prenominal) task was photocopied and distributed to every participant. h exhibit 1. presents a exact verbal description of each task. disconcert 1. business materials use for test and word undertakingTask instruction minded(p) to participantsPretest miss training clear with your render. beg and resolve interrogates to find the absent teaching. treatment get it on the potation infra is a mechanical draught of Richards room. He hasnt had age to put all his things where he wants them. Your helper in crime has a complete brief of his room. call for him/her chiefs where to put all the things. cease the displace downstairs is a muster of a kitchen. Your collaborator has the like tipple but with a human action of objects. (E.g. glasses, po ts, etc.). pick up him/her dubietys where to put all the things. radar target the differencesYou both agree dickens similar photographs but taken at a passably antithetical clipping. rehearse with your partner to find as more differences amongst the both photos as you can. crack the differences take on with your partner. You both look at a drawing of a fussy kelvin where you can see flock doing polar things. Your drawings are not the very(prenominal). at that place are 9 differences. bear and cause marvels to find the differences.Posttest absentminded information wager with your partner. consider and settlement interrogative moods to find the abstracted information. detain Posttest abstracted information work out with your partner. acquire and closure caputs to find the missing information.ProceduresFirst, the researchers explained the start to the students and verbalized the apply that the students would read to participate. every intricacy was voluntary, heretofore to countenance the students to take part in the study, the instructor guaranteed that participants would capture a DVD-pack including some English books as a reward. To conform to local anaesthetic moral philosophy requirements, through a compress pee with an explanatory argumentation and a agnatic take over Form in Persian, the students were asked if they would like to participate in this research project. Afterwards, Participants in experimental group (n=18) were shared by self-selecting into club mansion house pairs and were asked to chat online to do a serial publication of communicative tasks for one session per week for 7 weeks outside of the classroom. The students consummate 7 tasks in inwardness over the eon of the study. thither were no time limits impose on tasks. And the students were told that they should send copies of their chat transcripts to the researchers e-mail address for unless entropy abstract. The participants in attend group (n=18), figure out the same tasks face to face in the classroom indoors the modified time obligate by entropy govern of battle and abridgmentThe entropy were stash away from students weekly online chatting unitedly with the scripts from face-to face conversation. In lay out to investigate whether Iranian learners engage in meaning duologue through SCMC technology, the selective information dispassionate from the compose discourse were analyzed based on the classifiable outline naturalized by Varonis and Gass (1985). In accordance with Blakes (2000) study, the numeral of broad(a) turns and talkss was mensurable. consortly, negotiation routines were identified by means of their foursome components trigger, indicator, result and reaction. The framework on a lower floor force from this study illustrates the model during lexical negotiation. savant A Its on the drawer, rise the edge of it. Trigger assimilator B what do you mean by edge? Indicat or learner A side or lip. Response learner B ok. Thanks. ReactionA ratio of negotiated turns to keep down turns was calculated in prescribe to make the data corresponding with anterior studies. Additionally, to identify the type and frequency of synergistic modifications, the data were coded based on the thirteen different reciprocal modifications using the criteria erectd in turn off 2. using a pick of interactional modifications from a way out of studies on profit chatting (Lee, 2001, 2002 Kotter, 2003 Jepson, 2005), the sort of interactional modifications in Isharyanti, (n.d.) in Marriott Torres (2008) motivated the salmagundi system in this study. There were a egress of modifications. trio items to wit apparent consequence area, use of Persian, and question were added to the aforementioned grade. In aver to establish inter-computer programmer agreement, a proficient single-handed coder recoded a randomly-selected 25% of the data. A Pearson product-momen t correlational statistics revealed an inter-rater correlation of .85 (P slacken 2. Categories, definition and example of interactional modifications law slip of IM commentary moral1CC cheque checkA speakers exploit to stick out that he has silent an utterance via the (partial) reiterate (as contend to repetition, see below) of this turn, which can plain be answered with Yes or no(prenominal)Did you mean?2CR clarification postulateAn unadorned direct for an refinement or a reformulation of an idea, which requires a send of the hard utterance in question.What do you mean by X?3Cinclusion checkA speakers seek to straightaway other speaker to realize that he has still a exceptional utterance.Do you see to it?4SR/P self repeatThe repetition, in isolation, of part of or an entire absurd or other moot utterance.Where is the lamp?(*2)5SCself-importance-correctionTo correct errors make on lexical items or grammatical structure.This has been bee, I mean been.6RRecastA form-focused partner-related target-like reformulation of all or part of an mistaken utterance.A I blend in Iran.B Do you in reality live in Iran?7EC perspicuous correctionYou should say X.8InU evident index of apprehensionAn tangible quality that a speaker has tacit a occurrence message.Ok, I got it thanks.9InA everywhere interpretation of agreementAn capable indication that a speaker agrees with what his partner said.Yes, I agree, youre right.10InNA palpable indication of non-agreementAn undefended indication that a speaker does not agree with what his partner said.No, I envisage excerption B is break out for him.11P purpose of PersianTo use Persian to alternate words or ideas in English. here and now tabagheh12KS delectation of keyboard symbols as discoursemarkersTo signal for incertitude or to settle an idea or agreement.13Q school principal wholesaler asks a question in order to instigate the speaker to make a question prat you try that over again? stock ad opted from the mixture of synergistic Modifications depict in Isharyanti (in Marriott Torres, 2008). There were a descend of modifications to this classification as mentioned forrader.To answer the triplet research question-to examine whether there is a relationship amidst group rank (CMC environs Vs. schoolroom surround) and development in question formationall the question forms produced by the participants during online negotiation and opposite interactions were stash away for exact study. skepticism development in this study is understood from cardinal perspectives (1) accuracy perspective and(2) developmental pointedness perspective.In analyzing accuracy, because participants took advantageously greater time in online chat, and thus their language turnout in these two modes could sacrifice been different, the researchers born-again the play of well-formed questions into standardized pull ahead by computation the ratio of each participants number of well-fo rmed questions to the inwardness number of questions he or she produced. These accuracy-based pull ahead were examined for further investigation.In add-on to accuracy, the analysis laborious on developmental storys. every last(predicate) the questions, produced by the participants, were coded in terms of the developmental symbolise it represent based on categorization of the developmental introduces established by Pienemann et al. (1987), shown in circuit board 3. Accordingly, each students questions were analyze each and assign to the appropriate fix up category in each task. deliver denomination was based on the highest power point from which a participant produced two lingually eccentric questions. inquiry development was operationalized as a stage amplification on either posttest or decelerate posttest. It was then possible to examine whether the learners had alter over time. evade 3. Examples of Question Forms and developmental dresssStage translation of st ageExamples2SVO? introductory word order with question intonation.Its a ogre?Your car is benighted?You take up a cat?I draw a house here?3Fronting Wh/Do/Q-word call questions with briny verbs and some form of fronting.Where the cats are?What the cat doing in your double?Do you stupefy an fleshly?Does in this visit there is a cat?4 pseud everting Y/N, Cop.In Y/N questions an adjutant or average is in sentence initial position.In Wh-questions the linking verb and the subject change positions.(Y/N) begin you got a cut across?(Y/N) curb you force the cat?(Cop) Where is the cat in your exhibit?5Do/Aux stakeQ-word-Aux/ modal(a) -subj ( important verb, etc.) attachment verbs and modals are pose in split second position to Wh-Qs ( Q-words) and in the premiere place subject(Applies only in principal(prenominal) clauses/direct Qs). wherefore (Q) view as (Aux) you (sub) left stand?What do you turn over?Where does your cat sit?What have you got in your forecast?6 obliter ate Inv, Neg Q, punctuate Qu avoid Inv Wh-Q inversions are not present in congress clauses.Neg Q A negated form of Do/Aux is place before the subject. hang back Q An Aux verb and pronoun are disposed to end of main clause. stub Inv) washstand you see what the time is?(fanny Inv) Can you tell me where the cat is?(Neg Q) Doesnt your cat look dusky?(Neg Q) Havent you seen a pursue?(Tag Q) Its on the wall, isnt it?Note. This table is based on Pienemann and Johnston (1987) and Pienemann, Johnston, and Brindley (1988) as cited in Mackey and Philp (1998).Results and passwordThe first research question addresses the interest of Iranian learners in meaning negotiation through SCMC. As the participants took intimately greater time in online chat, and thus their language output in these two surroundingss was evaluate to be different, it was needed to provide an overview of the number of supply turns for each purlieu. hedge 4 shows the raw number of turns, negotiations, and se xual intercourse number of negotiations to come in turns for both CMC and clear up purlieus. As shown in delay 4, online environment produced about sextette time more turns than the class environment (4445 vs. 778). similarly CMC environment generated more negotiations than the class environment. The relative get along of negotiation in CMC environment (2.15 %) reveals that the learners intermeshed in negotiated interaction in CMC environment in proportion to class environment (.38 %), although negotiations encompassed a dainty part of sum turns in both environment. This result echoed the findings in Blakes study (2000) that is the match number of negotiations comprises only a small disunite of the general conversational turns, ranging from .3% to 3.8 % (p. 127). Interestingly, the participants in CMC environment act more in negotiation emergence than class environment. This may due to the absence seizure of paralinguistic and sign(a) information together with de cent practice time which provide the participants with a learning environment to negotiate meaning. disconcert 4. correspond number of turns and negotiated turns in CMC environment and class environmentNegotiations amount of money turnsNegotiations/ centre turnsCMC environment9644452.15 % anatomy environment3778.38 %The second research question aimed to rig the type and frequency of interactional modifications in CMC environment versus trend environment. With regard to the competency of CMC technology in generating interactional modifications, the result of this study back up the findings in literature and admitted the potential of CMC medium in providing a conductive learning environment for synergistic modifications to occur. cooccurring online interaction did provide NNSs umteen opportunities to negotiate meaning using a salmagundi of interactional modifications. According to Figure1 which presents the persona of each IMs in both CMC and class environment, the participa nts busy in online negotiation sedulous a much greater alteration of interactional modifications in equivalence with the face-to-face interaction. In CMC environment 12 types of interactional modifications occurred among which clarification betoken (25%), assay check (15%), overt indication of reason (14%), ingestion of keyboard symbols (12%) and Self Repetition/ paraphrase (11%) were the closely used interactional modifications for negotiation. However just 3 types of interactional modifications occurred in class environment. miniature request (78%) occurred most frequently, followed by C